Sulfuric acid

chemical reaction that took place here was Cu(s) + 4 HNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 H2O. This was a redox reaction because oxidation occurs. This was proven from the reaction because copper was oxidized by the nitric acid when the copper turnings chemically combined to the acid with oxygen. The equation demonstrated this with the transferring of electrons, which revealed the change in the oxidation state of copper. In the second step of the cycle the color of the solution changed from…

locations, where the substitution takes place. Depending upon where the substitution takes place, the electron density changes, resulting in considerably different reactivity differences1. The reaction used methyl benzoate and a mixture of nitric and sulfuric…

In this experiment, pinacol was mixed with sulfuric acid, which protonated the pinacol, allowing it to form a better leaving group. Water is the leaving group off of the pinacol and the pinacol becomes a carbocation. The carbocation that is formed is a secondary carbocation so, rearrangement occurs. A methyl shift happens to form a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable than a secondary carbocation. Then, the remaining oxygen forms a double bond causing it to have a positive charge; allowing…

and shake well by inverting the bottle several times. Repeat shaking after floc has settled halfway. Allow floc to settle a second time. 5. Add 1 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid by allowing the acid to run down the neck of the bottle above the surface of the liquid. 6. Restopper, rinse the top of the bottle to remove any acid and shake well until the precipitate has dissolved. 7. Titrate a volume of treated sample which corresponds to 200 mL of the original sample. This corrects for…

1) First, melting candle wax is a physical change. When heated, the candle wax, which is opaque, white and has a hard, waxy feeling, changed from a solid to a liquid. The hot wax became more of a transparent white and after cooling time, the hot wax changed back into a solid. Changing back into its original state suggests physical change. But, burning candle wax shows evidence of both physical and chemical change. The melting of the wax is an example of physical change, the heat source caused…

Part One: Conductive behaviour of graphene/carbon nanotube and graphene oxide/ carbon nanotube hybrid materials Experimental Introduction Although many CNTs and graphene based electrodes have been developed with outstanding properties, drawbacks are still noticeable using some methods. For instance, EPD method commonly produces unsatisfied CNTs film strength and on the other hand, CVD technique is costly. Moreover, graphene based electrodes needs lots of labour works which is time consuming…

Purpose To understand the properties of a hydrated ionic compound and the process of converting hydrates into anhydrous ionic compounds. Question What is the formula of hydrated copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4 • xH2O? Hypothesis When hydrated copper(II) sulfate is heated, the high temperature will cause the water and copper(II) sulfate to decompose forming anhydrous copper(II) sulfate and water (vapour). The reaction which will occur is decomposition. Materials 1. 400 mL beaker 2. beaker tongs 3.…

tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as PTC. NaBH4 and CoCl2 in 2:1 THF: H2O used for the reduction of VF-I to obtain 1-(2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cyclohexanol (VF-II). Further, venlafaxine derivative of the amino acid -carboxamide (VFCA-I toVII ) synthesized through coupling of N-Phthaloyl amino acid chloride derivative (2a-2g- synthesis reported in chapter-1) with 1-(2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl)cyclohexanol (VF-II). All the chemicals used are of laboratory grade and purchased…

The tarnishing of silver is due to a chemical reaction between silver and hydrogen sulfide, producing silver sulfide and hydrogen gas. The balanced chemical equation is 2Ag (s) + H2S (g) → Ag2S (s) + H2. This is a single replacement reaction. This reaction most commonly occurs through contact with hydrogen sulfide in the air - although direct contact with substances that contain sulfur can cause tarnishing. Silver tarnishes very quickly when it is exposed to air that contains high levels of…

1. Identify the key technical characteristics of the Daguerreotype and Calotype processes. Illustrate your answer with examples of images form each technology, and say how they reflect its characteristics. (25%) Before the invention of the wet collodion process, which produces an unlimited number of copies of finely detailed images on paper and to print, by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851, there were two photograph processes previously: the daguerreotype and the calotype. The…