Streptococcus

must then have to accelerate its production to replace these destroyed cells and may not be able to keep up with the demand, which then the marrow is damaged (Blood 57). With the lack of blood also comes vulnerability to infections. Particularly, Streptococcus pneumonia possess the greatest danger to children (Maakaron). In adults, mostly Salmonella. People with sickle cell disease have to endure the constant pain. The symptoms are not just physical effects, but psychological effects too,…

Experimental Design: We will determine the effect of HIV-1 Tat on the antibody type and production in response to influenza vaccine. We chose influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine to differentiate the effects between T cell dependent and T cell independent humoral responses. These are also suggested to individuals who are immunocompromised, especially people infected with HIV-1. For this purpose, C5BL6/J mice will be treated with HIV-1 Tat for one dose a week until 3 weeks. On week 4, all…

How does one acquire periodontal disease? Periodontal disease is a disease that comes from gingivitis. The source of such disease is bacterial growth. Bacterial advancement can be found along with the gums and around the teeth. The disease is avoidable but depending on just how swift the disease goes will be permanent. The main basis of the disease is an absence of proper oral care, smoking cigarettes, and excessive amounts of plaque. Gum disease starts from gingivitis and hits periodontitis…

gram-positive bacterial cell walls and gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Structural differences in the bacterial cell walls cause bacteria to be subcategorized into gram-positive and gram-negative. Gram-positive cell walls (e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus…

Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing throughout recent years. One reason is due to a prevalent use of antibiotics as growth stimulants in livestock. The bacteria in the livestock become resistant due to constant exposure to the antibiotics. When the meat harvested from these animals is packaged and sold, the bacteria are now exposed to the human population. This bacterium can make its way into the human body and cause various illnesses. Illnesses that were once easily cured with…

When conducting the different tests and streaking, aseptic techniques were followed. For every T-streaked that was done, the inoculating loop was first flame for 5 seconds and was allowed to cool for 30 seconds. Afterwards the tube containing the mixed unknown bacteria was then passed over the flame. The inoculating loop was then inserted into the broth and then carefully streak on quadrant one of the plate. Afterwards, the loop was sterilized by the flame and was allow to cool for thirty…

Medicine has been around since the 20th century and is still in use today. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that helps stop infections caused by bacteria. The first Antibiotic (Penicillin) was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Since the discovery of Penicillin many other antibiotics have been discovered. The development of antibiotics was an important innovation because it cured infections, treated patients during World War I with infections and burns that led to the development of…

At this moment, this young boy fits the diagnosis of Normocytic anemia with increased red cell production along with leukopenia. The patient presents with symptoms consistent with severe anemia including of pallor, fatigue, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension. The patient’s new systolic ejection murmur is most likely related to increased semilunar flow due to the anemia. The recent throat infection and subsequent antibiotic treatment are the most probable cause of these symptoms. The…

Over 80 years after the1918 flu virus disappeared, epidemiologists still did not understand exactly why it was so devastating. After working with tissue samples from the autopsies of flu victims and the infected lung tissue of an Alaskan woman whose body had been preserved in Arctic permafrost, researchers at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were able to recreate an extinct virus. Then, in October of 2005, they announced that they had…

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is derived from a bacterial adaptive immune system. The acronym stands for clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats, which are sequences of DNA that read the same forward as backwards. In between these are sequences of DNA known as protospacers indicative of particular bacteriophages encountered by bacteria. These sequences are then used as a template for RNAs capable of recognizing viral DNA within a cell and as a means to bind the endonuclease CRISPR…