Stomach cancer

What is the issue being addressed? When food is swallowed it enters oesophagus – carrying food from the mouth to the stomach for further digestion. Contractions called peristalsis push the food down the oesophagus through a muscular valve called the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and into the stomach. The digestive juices secreted by the stomach are highly acidic. When the stomach contracts to move the food into the intestine the LES closes tightly in order to prevent these acidic juices from…

(large and small colon) which then goes to the kidney to be filtered; and the increased length of the small intestine allows longer time for digestion and absorption of complex nutrients such as fibre (Vet Sci 2010). As they don’t have the large fore-stomachs taking up a lot of room in the abdomen, the large rib cage holds this excess of intestine, which has been discussed…

Her stomach had gone numb in the past few days, but now a sharp pain awakens and gnaws her insides. She presses her hands firmly into her stomach. Her mind wanders back to the cans of fatty ham and sweet baked beans that Grandpa Joseph gave them when they knocked on his doors begging for food, to the sensation of a full stomach right after they stuffed themselves. That memory feels like a lifetime ago, when a mere…

opening allows chyme to enter into the small intestine. The small intestine is composed of 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The duodenum is the only part of the small intestine that continues to break down food with the release of bile. While the stomach releases hydrochloric acid and creates an acidic environment with a low pH, the duodenum is slightly basic with a higher pH. Bile, which is produced in the liver and stored in large quantities in the gall bladder, is released to emulsify…

women with breast cancer. It can also be used to prevent cancer in those who are considered high risk for the disease. MOA: The mechanism of action is nonsteroidal aromatase inhibition. Pharm effects: This leads to the pharmacological effects of blocking the conversion of androgens to estrogen, reducing the serum levels of estradiol. This helps decrease cancer cell growth by reducing the amount of hormone available to the cancer cells. Evidence: In this study, 84 breast cancer patients were…

The digestive system is a group of organs that convert food into energy to feed the entire body. The alimentary is made up of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. Organs of the digestive system include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. In the digestive system it all begins with the mouth. Inside the mouth are many organs that help the food to be chopped up and swallowed . Teeth chop food into small pieces, which are…

Background information Structure of the large intestine The large intestine (also known as large bowel or colon) is the last part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It extends from the cecum to the anus, with the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum in between. The large intestine consists of four layers of tissue: the mucosa, submucosa, muscle and serosa (figure 1). The mucosa is made out of an epithelial layer, with a layer of…

swallowing to prevent choking. The trachea is the air conducting tube that connects to the lungs in order to breathe. The bolus of food is involuntarily pushed through the esophagus into the stomach by peristaltic contractions made by the muscles. The esophageal sphincter located between the esophagus and stomach acts as a regulator for what flows into the…

secretion is HCL which is a product of the parietal cells. The parietal cells are epithelial cells that secrete HCL and essential factors. Parietal cells are located in the gastric glands in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. The capacity of the stomach to secrete HCL is related to amount of parietal cell. Parietal cells accept receptors for three stimulators of acid secretion which are Acetylcholine, Gastrin,…

Prilosec (omeprazole), a proton pump inhibitor that reduces the amount of acid produced in the stomach in conditions caused by excess stomach acid. Prilosec suppresses gastric acid secretion by target inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. This enzyme system is considered as the acid (proton) pump within the gastric mucosa, Prilosec has been characterized as a gastric acid-pump inhibitor, because it blocks the final step of acid…