Gastric acid

Determination of the Concentration of Acid in Gastric Juice Introduction Titration is a method where a solution of known concentration is used to find the concentration of an unknown solution. A standard solution is a solution of precisely known concentration. The aim of this experiment was to go over the use of pipettes, burettes, titrations and also to reinforce the concept of molarity. In this experiment, a titration was carried out using a standard solution of hydrochloric acid to establish the molarity of a solution of sodium hydroxide. The concentration of acid in the gastric juice sample was determined using that solution of sodium hydroxide. The pH of gastric juice was then calculated and compared with the value determined by…

Dissolution test will be carried out in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) using hydrochloride acid or a neutral buffer phosphate solution. The simulated gastric fluid without enzyme (SGF) at pH 1.2 and pH 3 containing sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid in 900ml deionized water will be prepared. Thus, the pH will be adjusted using hydrochloride(Ghazal et al., 2015). The simulated gastric media containing milk (whole milk, skimmed milk) will be prepared using an equal volume of milk and (SGF) pH…

proper everyday functions. A large process in this region of the body is gastric acid secretion. This secretion occurs from a number of different mechanisms. However, this process is largely contrived through two means, parietal cells and drugs. Utilized each day in processes like digestion and metabolism, the role parietal cells and drugs play in regulating gastric acid secretion is fundamental to life. Gastric Acid Secretion by Parietal Cells Gastric acid aids digestion by creating the…

individual sections of the digestive tract. The highly acidic pH of the stomach’s gastric juice is needed to not only prevent bacterial growth, but to create an optimal environment for it’s enzymes to digest the food (now chyme) received through the cardioesophageal sphincter. The small intestine cannot handle such high pH, therefore when the stomach releases chyme into the small intestines, a signal is sent to the pancreas to release an alkaline substance called “sodium bicarbonate” to…

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The drug release study of Propranolol from the synthesized prodrugs9a and 9c proved that they hydrolyze significantly at pH 6.8 & 7.4. This proves the stability of prodrug at gastric pH and easily gets hydrolyzed at both blood and intestinal pH, and would be available for the action by significantly eliminating the problem of fast metabolism and local irritation when compared to the parent drug. The % CDR of 9c at pH 7.4 was found to be maximum i.e. 92% within 3 hrs and…

normal range before anaesthesia. The lactate concentration increased slightly throughout surgery but stayed relatively at the same level. However glucose has a sudden increase as soon as anaesthetic was induced and then decreased below the original pre-induction measurement at the end of 90 minutes. The sodium and potassium plasma concentrations remained within the normal range and stayed constant throughout surgery. The chloride concentration was initially within the reference range, but…

Heartburn Heartburn is a burning pain that can happen in the throat or chest. It may also cause a bad taste in the mouth. Heartburn may feel worse in certain positions, such as lying down or bending over. This condition is caused by stomach acid that has gotten into the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus). HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS Diet • Follow a diet as recommended by your health care provider. This may involve avoiding foods and drinks such as: ○ Caffeine.…

oesophageal sphincter (LES) and into the stomach. The digestive juices secreted by the stomach are highly acidic. When the stomach contracts to move the food into the intestine the LES closes tightly in order to prevent these acidic juices from moving back into the oesophagus where they can cause damage. The diaphragm separates the chest from the abdomen, to reach the stomach the oesophagus passes through the diaphragm at a point called the hiatal ring. If the patient has reflux disease their…

Acid-Base Case study 1 The acid base balance of the body is mainly regulated by respiratory and renal system together with the body ‘buffer system. For the body to function normally, the hydrogen ion (H+) needs to be concentrated within a narrow range, represented as pH, which determines the acidity and alkalinity of a solution. Changes in the bicarbonate (HCO3) concentration causes metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis while changes in the rate of alveolar ventilation and carbon dioxide…

An antacid is composed of a basic chemical compound (the active ingredient), which is an essential component of a neutralization reaction. When this compound along with an acidic compound (HCl) dissociates, it react and form neutralized components such as water and a salt. This is an ideal mechanism of action for individuals who suffer from acid reflux or heartburn conditions because the excessive HCl that is found in the stomach can be alleviated by ingesting antacid tablets. This experiment…