Sphincter

Ankyloglossia is also known as tongue-tie, which can create many problems with eating, speech, and oral hygiene. Tongue-tie is an excessive tissue that connecting the ventral portion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. 4% - 10% of babies with tongue-tie have difficulty in breastfeed, which resulting in early bottle-fed and slow weight gain. A procedure called frenotomy can help release the tongue from the floor of the mouth by surgical scissors or laser, which will improve breastfeeding for babies and the mothers. Dr. Lawrence Kotlow from Albany, New York operates six to eight surgeries a day and the procedure only takes about 20 seconds. It is not necessary to use anesthesia or stitching. Most parents notice a significant change right…

flows into your esophagus. Since this backwash substance comes from the stomach it is generally highly acidic and causes irritation of the sensitive lining of the esophagus, ultimately causing gastric reflux. The primary event in GERD is the movement of gastric juice from the stomach into the esophagus. The movement of gastric contents into the esophagus is generally due to a defect in the sphincter mechanism at the esophago-gastric junction. It is thought that there is a weakness in one of the…

is based on the location of its tract in relation to anal sphincter muscle: intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, or extrasphincteric.[2] Idiopathic fistula-in-ano most commonly occurs in healthy subjects, with cryptoglandular infection being the most widely accepted etiologic factor. The anal crypt gland penetrates the anal sphincter to varying degrees. Once obstructed, infection will ensue and suppuration will follow the least resistant path, which accordingly determines the…

regurgitation of foods and fluids, bad breath, and chest pain. GERD is caused by frequent acid reflux with the backup of stomach acid and bile that has entered the esophagus. The acids irritate the lining of the esophagus and causing it to become inflames. Conditions that can increase GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, dry mouth, asthma, diabetes, and the stomach bulging into the diaphragm. Treatments start with over the counter medication that helps control the acid, such as antacids. If…

ways; they are combined with proteins to creat lipoproteins which are then used to transport cholesterol in the blood and are absorbed into lymph. Dietary vitamins, pentose, sugars, phosphate ions, iron, calcium, and most electrolytes are absorbed in the duodenum and transported across the epithelium and enter the blood.The journey of food through the small intestine takes three to six hours. Most of the water from chyme is absorbed via osmosis while in the small intestine as well as nutrients…

Description of Disease Gastro - Oesophageal Reflux Disease, or commonly known as GERD is a digestive disorder that occurs and affect the lower cardiac sphincter, the circular muscle that constricts and closes the passage way of the bolus (food). Gastro – Oesophageal means the lower oesophagus area and the upper stomach. Reflux means the backwash or return of a substance and in this case the return and backwash of stomach contents back up the oesophagus. During a normal digestion, the cardiac…

For some individuals, the inferior esophageal sphincter can malfunction resulting in gastroesophageal reflux disease (often shortened to GERD). Commonly known as “heartburn,” GERD can affect deglutition as well as a person’s quality of life. GERD can be treated with prescription and over-the-counter medications; Lifestyle changes can alleviate symptoms, too. The three phases of deglutition in order are the voluntary phase, pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Each phase has various…

Overview: Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus (swallowing tube) muscle, causing insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle located between the esophagus and the lower stomach) to open and allow the food to pass into the stomach. So, people with achalasia face trouble swallowing food. Causes: The achalasia can happen for several reasons. It can be hard for your doctor to identify a specific cause. This condition may be hereditary, or it may…

world. Function of the bladder Several nerve mechanisms regulate urine storage and bladder emptying. As urine fills the bladder, volume increases and urine is retained as long as pressure in the bladder remains lower than pressure within the urethra. Sympathetic nerves assist in the storage of urine by inhibiting parasympathetic nerves that would trigger bladder contractions. The sympathetic nerves are responsible for the relaxation of the detrusor muscle and the constriction of the internal…

This may be recommended if tissue masses in the uterus (fibroids) are causing incontinence. Treatment for total incontinence may include: Surgery on the urethral sphincters. This may involve placing an artificial sphincter around the urethra. In women, surgery to close a hole-like passage between the vagina and bladder (vesicovaginal fistula), if this is causing incontinence. Follow these instructions at home: Keep yourself clean to help prevent odors and skin damage. Consider wearing pads or…