Sphincter

common complication during VD. Collins et al, classified perineal tears as the following, 1st degree (1D) that include the skin only, 2nd degree (2D) injury will involve the anal sphincter skin and muscle, 3rd degree (3D) involve anal sphincter complex and the most severe degree is 4th degree (4D) that contain injury of sphincter complex and anal mucosa. (2013, p.302) Even though perianal tear is common, SSL that include third and fourth perineal tear, have a direct effect in reducing women’s…

occupied with the food and liquids we swallow. However, when we are not swallowing, the elongated folds work to close the lumen. There are two sphincters located within the esophagus. The sphincters maintain a circular shape, and act as a door shutting channels when appropriate (William Circus, 2015). I will be focusing on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and its relation to gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). The LES is composed of smooth muscle. The LES functions as a valve,…

Low levels of HCL have no effect on this initial stage of digestion. Although can later cause an indirect effect of halitosis The bolus of food then travels down the oesophagus by a process called peristalsis. It passes through the oesophageal sphincter and enters the stomach. Here in the stomach gastric juices mix with the bolus as…

prolapse encompassing only the internal lining of the rectum.  Complete (external) prolapse of the rectum. What causes prolapse? The precise cause is not identified. Possible reasons are extreme straining at defecation, a feeble pelvic floor and anal sphincter muscles or a deficiency of fixation of the lower bowel (rectum) to nearby pelvic structures. Rectal prolapse is six times more common in females than in males, but is not connected to childbirth. It is common in initial childhood…

produces as stated above it then leaves the kidney through the ureter. The ureter connects to the bladder. The ureter has a valve that will not allow urine to backflow into the kidney. The urine flows into the urethra. There is an internal urethral sphincter of smooth muscle…

liquids we swallow. However, when we are not swallowing, the elongated folds of the mucosa and submucosa work to close the lumen. There are two sphincters located within the esophagus. The sphincters maintain a circular shape, and act as a door shutting channels when appropriate (Circus, 2015). I will be focusing on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and its relation to gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). The LES is composed of smooth muscle. The LES functions as a valve, relaxing…

supports and enhances the urinary system by removing toxins that help reestablish balance. In this paper, I will go over three important facts about the urinary system. . The urinary system is home of: two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the sphincter muscle, the nerves in the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys remove urea from the blood through, nephrons. Each nephron entails of glomerulus, and a renal tubule. The glomerulus is what filters the blood, the watery solution. Urea,…

that control digestion: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic nerves control movement, such as peristalsis. Intrinsic nerves control the release of enzymes and hormones. At the end of the esophagus is a “gate” called the esophageal sphincter (also known as the cardiac sphincter). This allows the one directional travel of food or liquids and prevents…

• The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called reggae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. Small intestine: • The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where…

blood vessels, fat and fibrous tissue. These layer make the bladder able to expand when there isn't’ enough space for the urine. The bladder connects to the urethra and there is a muscular sphincter to stop the leaking of urine. The detrusor muscles contract to release the urine from the bladder and the sphincter relaxes to let the urine out to the urethra. Penis- Penis- The penis can be put into both the excretory and reproductive systems. For the excretory system the penis is how the urine…