Sphincter

The stomach mucosa that lines the stomach is able to resist the juices of the stomach acid. What are sphincters and how are they related to the stomach? The first is the cardiac sphincter located at the top of the stomach, separating the stomach from the esophagus. The second is the lilac sphincter, at the bottom of the stomach separating the small intestines from the stomach. The two sphincters regulate how much goes in and out of the stomach. What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs…

and pushing the bolus of food from the mouth into the esophagus, this is called swallowing. The bolus of food leaves the amount past the pharynx enters into the esophagus, this is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. There is a sphincter at the upper…

TN, a 67 year-old male, was diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma in December 2015 after being admitted to Frye Regional Medical Center (FRMC) with a left iliac wing fracture related to metastatic cancer earlier that month. The primary location of the cancer was determined to be the distal esophagus after an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and cell biopsy was completed. He then presented to FRMC in January 2016 with post-prandial nausea, vomiting, and anorexia related to chemotherapy…

The mouth which is also called the oral cavity is associated with the accessory organs such as teeth, salivary glands, and tongue. The mouth is where digestion starts. Our teeth are used to chew food into really small pieces and our saliva contains enzymes that begins the process of digestion. Our tongue occupies the floor of the mouth and mixes food with saliva to form bolus which is a compact mass that forms food into a lump that helps initiates swallowing. The mouth begins the process of…

he organs that make up the urinary system. The organs of the urinary system include the two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and the urethra. Kidneys. The kidneys are the major excretory organs of the body. The adult kidneys are normally located in the middle of the back one on each side of the spine and are partially protected by the lower ribs. Each kidney is kidney bean in shape and is almost the same size of a person’s clenched fist. One kidney have about 1 million nephrons are tiny…

Although a malfunctioning Inferior esophageal sphincter can be present from birth and can cause infants and children to complain of stomachaches and have frequent bouts of vomiting, GERD is most often seen in adults. (Franz and Davidson). During the esophageal phase of deglutition the superior and inferior esophageal sphincters normally relax to allow passage of the bolus and contract to prevent reflux, GERD is caused because the inferior esophageal sphincter weak. The muscle of the diaphragm…

(partially digested food and digestive juices) • Enzymes – proteins that speed up chemical reactions without change to themselves. • Esophageal sphincter – the opening between the esophagus and he stomach that relaxes and opens to allow the bolus to travel into stomach and then closes behind it. Prevents the reflux of gastric contents. • Pyloric sphincter – a circular muscle that forms the opening between the duodenum and the stomach. It regulates the passage of food into the small intestine. 2.…

Urodynamic studies or urodynamic testing is a set of tests that are conducted for evaluating the function as well as condition of the lower urinary tract. In other words, urodynamics is a group of tests that are generally prescribed by a urologist, gynecologist, or urogynecologist. These tests allow them to carry out a visual examination of the functioning of the lower urinary tract. Why urodynamic testing is used? A team of qualified doctors conduct the urodynamic testing to assess lower…

produce sufficient speech is velopharyngeal insufficiency, or VPI. This is a disorder which results in the improper closure of the velopharyngeal sphincter (soft palate muscle in the mouth) during speech, allowing air to escape through the nose instead of the mouth (Seattle Children’s Hospital). Since there is improper closure of the velopharyngeal sphincter, this results in insufficiency of any sounds that may be needed to build up intraoral pressure. Both stops (such as p, b, t, d, k, and…

behind the trachea. The upper esophageal sphincter is a bundle of muscles that keeps food from going down the windpipe. The lower esophageal sphincter when it’s closed prevents acid and stomach contents from traveling backwards. Stomach- The stomach receives food from the esophagus and strong acids help break the food down. A lining of mucus protects the stomach from digesting itself and the stomach also stirs the acid-food mixture. Then the pyloric sphincter opens to allow food to pass from…