Sphincter

usefulness of investigative procedures in early and accurate diagnosis of fistula in ano. To study the efficacy of different modalities of surgical approach with reference to post-operative hospital stay and complications like pain ,bleeding and sphincter incontinence and outcome in respect to persistence/ recurrence of fistulae. Material and methods: A total of 25 patients with clinically diagnosed fistula in ano were included in the study. Clinical…

Gastrointestinal Tract This essay will be reviewing the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), looking at the components and their functions. It will explore how the system works, how it can be assessed by a clinician and the ethical and practical issues related to when assessing the GI tract. In relation to this, I will also be analysing how the endocrine system and autonomic system correlate to the gastrointestinal tract. How it functions Marieb (2016) states that the gastrointestinal tract…

The pathophysiological mechanisms involved with ventilator-associated pneumonia or VAP is correlated with bacteria flowing through the endotracheal tube, allowing a direct route to enter a person’s lungs. Studies suggest the principle risk-factor for the development VAP relies on the utilization of the endotracheal tube or ETT (Mietto MD et.al, 2013). Usually after 12 hours of intubation, bacteria that is specifically act as contaminated oropharyngeal secretions may often accumulate through the…

It is almost dark. Taj is standing near his fallen prey, a male whitetail deer. He watches it for a while so that he can be sure that the deer is deceased. Because he sees that it is, he does not cut its throat. He looks for a slope so that he can position the deer in such a way that the intestines spill out easily. Not seeing any slopes nearby that he can drag the deer to, he decides to stick with the spot the deer lies. Taj walks over to the deer. He then kneels down, removes his pack, and…

Normally, the sphincter and the esophagus can neutralize the acids and push them back to the stomach; but with a dysfunction LES, the esophagus would be exposed to these stomach acids for a long period of time, leading to the damage and inflammations of the squamous lining…

Patient F.C. physical exam presents with a male whose general appearance resembles his stated age. He appears ill with noted restlessness, sweating profusely and in acute pain (being bent forward on the exam table). His vital signs are abnormal with a low B/P of 85/60, elevated HR of 120, elevated respiratory rate of 35 and a temperature of 101.4. His weight is 154 lbs and a height of 5’ 7.5”; BMI is normal at 23.8. Patient is awake and oriented to person, place and time; able to follow…

interstitial cells of Cajal control the smooth muscle activity and the autonomic nervous system relays the message from input for the smooth muscle. o Neuropeptides, hormones and neurotransmitters affect gastric emptying • Anatomical controls: o Sphincters: esophageal and stomach  LES, which controls the release of food into the stomach and prevents from reflux • Nitric oxide and VIP inhibit closure of LES • Secondary peristalsis occurs if not all…

THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Naturally the ultimate goal for all living organisms on earth is the preservation and continuity of their kind. This is achieved through reproduction. Reproduction or procreation is the biological process through which organisms give rise to new individuals referred to as offspring (Silverstein, Silverstein, & Silverstein, 2010). It is in two forms namely; asexual and sexual. Sexual reproduction is the most common, advanced and more…

Trauma is a term referred to sudden severe physical injuries that require immediate medical attention. The insult could injure any organ in the body, such as, the head. A head injury is an insult to the scalp, skull or the brain. It can either be closed or opened head injury. In a closed head trauma, there is no penetration of the skull; therefore the offending object did not enter the brain. In the open head trauma or penetrating head trauma, however, there is penetration of the skull, thus…

Grace Bratlee AUDSLP 581 Swallowing I Midterm 1. Tips on Difficulty Swallowing Pills The normal swallow involves a series of steps that aid an individual when he or she is trying to swallow a variety of substances including liquids, solid foods, and pills. When a substance (food, liquid, etc.) enters the individual’s oral cavity, saliva and mastication form the substance into a bolus. During the oral phase of a normal swallow, the tongue tip touches the alveolar ridge as the tongue pushes the…