Reductionism

class, oppression, intersectionality, and so on. (pg. 5) There overall needs to be a prioritization of class (4/28). Martha Gimenez thoroughly explains her position on race, gender, and class. Gimenez argues against that class should be considered equal to gender and race. Class struggles become a part of the recurrent change and also in race, gender, and class studies. She agrees with Collins that ethnomethodology disregards power relations. (pg. 11) Power relations relates to class through…

Dualism: Cartesian Substance Dualism Substance dualism is the thesis that there are substances of two fundamentally and irreducibly distinct kinds in this world, namely mind and bodies. Dualism of this form contrasts with monism which is defined as all thing in the world are substances of one kind either only mind or only body. According to the Cartesian substance dualism, minds are not identical with material things, minds could exist even if no material thing existed. Mind is thought to be…

Ernesto Laclau as “the outstanding Argentinean political philosopher ... the author of landmark studies of Marxist theory and of populism as a political category and social movement. ... Used the work of Antonio Gramsci to reject what they saw as the reductionism and teleology of much Marxist theory... a ‘post-Marxist’ and an advocate of ‘radical democracy’ ”. On the other hands, Norman Geras who involved in long polemic against Laclau and Moffe in the 1980s, dubbed Laclau --and Moffe-- as "a…

In philosophy, a theory that includes the viewing of the the mind and body as being separate kinds of substances or natures is known as mind- body dualism. This stance implies that the mind and body not only differ in meaning but refer to different kinds of entities. Thus, a person that proposes the concept of dualism would oppose any theory that identifies mind with the brain, conceived as a physical operant. Descartes reaches this conclusion by arguing that the nature of the mind is…

The opening of this research paper discusses a personal reflection on Troy University’s CJ 4482 curriculum through an elaborate and collaborative analysis that details the job duties of digital forensic investigators. The second portion of this paper dissects the methodology notating specific actions that are vital to the identification, preservation, and transportation of electronic evidence. Adherence to new and evolving protocols and behaviors take center stage in this reflection in order to…

The Earth has an amazing diversity of environments, species and elements which are interconnected and which deals ones with others. This diversity makes the planet richer and complex. In the same way, human beings have features which make that specie unique and each individual especial. When we talk about biocultural diversity we have to consider biodiversity, linguistic diversity and cultural diversity and those aspects are extremely related with education and schools. Societies are…

Wang Aihe’s Cosmology and Political Culture reexamines the relation between cultural heritage of cosmology and political heritage of the Chinese empires through Shang to Han dynasty by taking a closer look into the transition from sifang 四方(“four quarters”) to wuxing五行(“five phases”) cosmology. In this ambitious book, she effectively argues that Chinese “cosmology and political power were mutually constructive” (p. 210) instead of being static and self-existing, and in so doing, successfully…

Abstract This paper will review humanism as one of the three “major waves” of psychology. It will highlight key contributors as well as their major concepts. This paper will also discuss the influence of humanism influenced the field of psychology in the past, how it is influencing it in the present and how it could influence it in the future. There will be a discussion of support for humanism as a major system of psychology but also criticism of the system overall. Lastly, this paper will…

Framing and Methodologies Crucial foundations exist in each theory that grant assumptions permitting conclusions to be drawn. Built upon this are methodologies that then are inherently influenced by a theory’s foundation. Configurational anthropology’s underlying assumption is that of cultural relativity, which has structured both the temporal and spatial alignment of the theory. Cultural relativity states that the beliefs and activities of a culture cannot be judged out of context. To ground…

1. Materialists have an ontological claim that everything that exists is made of matter. Therefore, having mental states does not indicate that there is something mental; to deny materialism is to say that there exist non-material entities. One way to deny materialism is to say that mind (or ideas/beliefs) are non-material entities. 2. Functionalism claims that mental contents are functional. The negation of it is to say that mental states are defined introspectively instead of…