Recombinant DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid better known as DNA is housed in the cell’s nucleus where the genetic material is. DNA is a long molecule that forms a double helix, folded inside of the nucleus of the cell. The double strand of DNA is held together by hydrogen bonds. The double helix of DNA run head to tail. DNA is typically millions of base pair long (Shier, Butler, Lewis, 2016, p.94). Deoxyribonucleic Acid is one type of nucleic acid with the sequence of building blocks that hold information that…

DNA technology is used for medical purposes, agricultural purposes and forensic science. An example of medical reasoning for DNA technology is vaccines. In the case of recombinant vaccines, a target protein is fixed for the virus or bacteria so that the vaccine can fight against it. Scientists then find the part of the DNA that is liable for coding that protein, copy it, and then put the duplicate in another system that can be used to make a lot of proteins (hence the name recombinant) from the…

enzymes to dissect the DNA leaving “staggered cuts, called sticky ends.” (Starr, 2010. pp. 3) Sticky ends are used as a receptor of sorts, allowing the DNA strand to be spliced together with other pieces of DNA fragments also containing sticky ends. Bacterial plasmids often have human DNA inserted using a similar process as what is used to isolated the originating protein, the bacterial chromosomes are removed and the altered plasmid remains. The sticky ends from the host DNA and the plasmid are…

By 1973, they had succeeded. With the help of Boyer’s discovery of the EcoRI enzyme and the bacterial plasmid that Cohan had earlier isolated, the first ever recombinant DNA had been created. With the newly found technique patented by Boyer and Cohan, Boyer started a business with venture capitalist Robert Sawson, come to be known as Genentech. The company has since been one of the biggest in the business and with…

Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA recombinant technology. In 1971 Berg and team successfully isolated DNA of virus found in monkey's known as lambda then placed the genetic material into DNA sequence of a different simian virus called SV4O. This was done by first using a DNA enzyme, a naturally occurring molecule that has the unique chemicals properties to sever the bonds in the DNA sequence, from a very specific kind of…

November 25, 2014 DNA Virtually anything can be identified by DNA, also known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a method of identification of growing and living things. According to genome.gov, a DNA molecule consists of two strands that bind around one another to form a shape known as a double helix. Each strand of the double helix has a backbone made of interchanging sugar and phosphate groups. “DNA sequencing is a scientific technique used to define the exact arrangement of bases in a DNA…

Stanley Norman Cohen Stanley Norman Cohen is a scientist known for inventing recombinant DNA technology with Herb Boyer. Cohen was born on February 17, 1935 in a small town of Perth Amboy, New Jersey. During his childhood Cohen frequently helped his father assemble many things such as electrical fans, fluorescent mixtures and many more. Cohen developed an interest in Science from a very small age, but later switched from physics to biology and decided to become a medical doctor. Not only was…

Picture this: a world where everyone looks exactly the same--ridden with birth defects, religion has disappeared because people can control their environment with a simple insertion or deletion of a gene, and no one is sure of the future because every couple years, a virus that was supposed to harmlessly alter genes mutates to harmfully cause a deadly epidemic. Sound familiar? Maybe not yet, but at the rate we 're going, the world isn 't far away from the scenario just described due to the…

important aspect of CRISPR is the Cas-9 protein which functions as a nuclease (Doudna, Charpentier, 2015). A nuclease is “an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond of a nucleic acid,” in other words it can cut DNA (OED). Cas-9 can be used to cut DNA at any site with ease and simplicity, including in humans. This is where the problem with CRISPR begins. It can modify somatic and germ line cells efficiently and quickly. Somatic cells are all the cells in the body except…

of recombinant DNA and Insulin. The case study tells a story of three individuals: Herbert Boyer, Robert Swanson, and Tom Perkins and how they were the early pioneers of artificial DNA and Insulin and the initial research and development of human growth hormone in 1979 (Hardymon & Nicholas, 2012). The case study evaluates the evolution of Genentech and other biotechnology companies in the 1970s and 1980s. There were concerns and ethical issues surrounding the commercial development of DNA and…