Receptor antagonist

Inhibition of the neuromuscular junction does not always negatively affect an organism. Some drugs used today purposely inhibit neuromuscular junction functions. The drug class that works as an acetylcholine antagonist is called an anticholinergic. This means that it blocks the acetylcholine receptors in the…

Opioid antagonists are used to strengthen the receptors and transmitters in the basal ganglia and ensure for its effectiveness. Opioid agents offer defense against cell degeneration to the neuronal cells. Other agents protect the dopamine neurons and the retina. A new surgery that…

Chemotherapy is chemical therapy that is a frequently used course of treatment for patients diagnosed with cancer. While this therapy can often improve prognoses, it also causes nausea, a generalized feeling of sickness, and emesis, a vomitus product of nausea. Chemotherapy induced emesis can cause critical manifestations that lead to a substandard patient quality of life and negatively influence his or her ability to comply with the therapy. This can result in patients prematurely discontinuing…

Methylphenidate, commonly known as Ritalin, is a commonly prescribed central nervous system stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Medical use of methylphenidate began in 1960 and an estimated 2.4 billion doses are prescribed a year. Methylphenidate is thought to act through the inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in neurons, especially those of dopaminergic pathways of the brain. The dopaminergic pathways of the brain are…

stabilizers, eosinophil deactivators, lubricants, and cyclosporine ophthalmic solution and for severe disease; topical corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are essential. Olopatadine is a dual-action, selective H1-receptor antagonist and a mast cell stabilizer. Objective: This systemic review aims to assess the safety and efficacy of topical olopatadine versus placebo and other topical anti-allergic medications in treating allergic conjunctivitis. Method:…

We can accept the null hypothesis that the administering of Naloxone reduces the behavior of play, which represents a specific inhibition of behavior. This can further be understood by when an opioid antagonist (Nalaxone) is administered to a rat it reduces social behavior (pins), but does not produce nonspecific inhibition of behavior (rears). Evidence is consisted with a study that was conducted by Vanderschuren, Niesink, and Van Ree that examined the significance of social play behavior in…

Haloperidol and Quetiapine In modern medicine, there are two main groups of antipsychotic medicine such as, conventional antipsychotics (1st generation antipsychotics) and atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation antipsychotics). Haloperidol is a conventional antipsychotic which is used to treat schizophrenia and some other forms of psychosis. Haloperidol was developed in the late 1950s by company Janssen, and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1967. (David A. Williams )…

Fentanyl According to Susan Robertson, the drug fentanyl which is an opiate agonist, has been around since the 1960s and created by Dr. Paul Jansen. "The use of fentanyl as a pain reliever and anesthetic was quickly adopted in the medical setting. In the 1960s, the agent was introduced as an intravenous anesthetic under the brand name Sublimaze"(S.Robertson)pg.1. In the 90s fentanyl was turned into a patch which breaks down into the blood stream through a period of 72 hours. Fentanyl…

takes longer for patients to recover from petit mal seizures than grand mal seizures d. None of the above 14. Clonazepam is a ________________ and it works by enhancing the action of _______. a. NMDA receptor antagonist, glutamate b. Benzodiazepine, GABA c. Barbiturate, GABA d. NMDA receptor agonist, glutamate 15. Drugs used in Epilepsy have about four basic mechanisms. They include: a. Activation of calcium channels b. Activation sodium channels c. Stimulation of glutamate d.…

Alzheimer’s disease affects more than 15 million individuals worldwide from mild to severe. (Lilienfeld, 2006). It is a progressive and irreversible disease that leads to full dependency on a caretaker due to the decline in cognitive function and ability to perform daily tasks (Richarz, Gaudig, Rettig, & Schauble, 2014). Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and normally occurs within individuals 60 years of age or older (Lilienfeld, 2006). Every twenty years the number of…