Receptor antagonist

dopamine neurons that cause a shift from pacemaker firing (~2-4Hz) of action potentials to burst firing (~15Hz of about 5 action potentials followed by a pause) (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). Another neurotransmitter, glutamate, activates the NMDA receptor, which can cause an excitatory signal and a…

moderate disease. Medications used to block glutamine receptors are used for moderate to severe disease. Medications that block glutamine work to block glutamine receptors, specifically noncompetitive N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptors (McCance & Huether, 2014). A popular drug on the market is Namenda. Namenda is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Frandsen & Pennington, 2014). According to Frandsen and Pennington persistent activation of NMDA receptors increases effects of Alzheimer 's Dementia…

hypothesis, serotonin holds that schizophrenia originated from the effect of recreational drugs like hallucinogenic or psychotomimetic drugs, like LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, and ecstasy on the neurotransmitter serotonin. The drugs act as antagonist on the serotonin receptors by blocking from releasing serotonin. However, there has been much controversy regarding this theory that made it to be relegated to the background, but the discovery of the atypical psychotic medications like clozapine,…

The Effect of The Most Popular Anti-estrogen Drug – Nolvadex Preparation Nolvadex refers to a pharmacological group of anticancer hormonal agents and antagonists of hormones. Nolvadex has anti-estrogenic and anti-tumor pharmacological effect and is used in cases of women’s breast cancer during menopause. Furthermore, many athletes use Nolvadex during the post cycle therapy and for burning fat layer, because the drug has an excellent effect during the period of drying. This preparation is very…

kinds of therapies have shown some effectiveness against the 1918 pandemic stain. As a post -doctoral fellow at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, TN in the laboratory of Dr. Yoshiro Kawaoka, I studied host range restriction and receptor specificity of influenza…

Johan Cuevas Yasmine Ouchikh PSY 10200 February 25, 2016 1. The drug that Harry abuses is a hallucinogens. Hallucinogens are drugs that alter the person's consciousness and arouse the senses in different ways. They can create hallucinations and make the person taking the drug very hungry. One effect of a hallucinogen is that it can increase the way the person perceive sounds, making music sound better than how it did before the “high”. Harry is not abusing a depressant because a depressant…

Ms. A. is a 28-year-old married executive who reports feeling anxiety and experiencing insomnia. She has been taking over-the-counter (OTC) medication to assist with sleep, but she still appears exhausted. Ms. A.’s symptoms have developed over a period of three months, and were reportedly triggered by her husband traveling out of town for business. She reports feeling irritable, tired, and nervous in a variety of situations. Ms. A. states that she has had a 15-pound weight loss over the past 3…

evidence in support of the dopamine hypothesis relating to the substantia nigra include structural changes in the pars compacta. Some of the other changes in the substantia nigra include increased expression of NMDA receptors, and reduced dysbindin expression. Increased NMDA receptors may point to the involvement of glutamate-dopamine interactions in schizophrenia. Due to the changes to the substantia nigra in the schizophrenic brain, it may eventually be possible to use specific imaging…

The etiology and pathogenesis of RA are complex and multifaceted. A range of predetermined (genes) and stochastic (random events and environment) factors contribute to susceptibility and pathogenesis.(kelly). The initiation of RA probably begins years before the onset of clinical symptoms. This process involves certain specific genes that can help break tolerance and lead to autoreactivity. It is likely that the earliest phases are marked by repeated activation of innate immunity Cigarette smoke…

lead to patient distress and noncompliance with treatment. First generation antipsychotics are strong D2 antagonists resulting in pronounced extra-pyramidal side effects and increased rates of hyperprolactinemia making them second-line treatments for schizophrenia (Werner). The SGA’s (risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, paliperidone, aripirazole, and ziprasidone) are D2/5-HT2A antagonists and exhibit fewer extra-pyramidal manifestations and have therefore become first-line treatments…