Receptor antagonist

Adenosine receptor blockage’s effects on the electrophysiology of HCTP/OR producing neurons of the Hypothalamus – receptor blockage mediated by Caffeine Introduction In this experiment, the quantification of firing rate changes on a specific neural sub-group will be analyzed via whole cell patch-clamping and the application of the common psychoactive drug-caffeine. The significance of quantifying the electrical signaling of the chosen neuron is to proportionally quantify the effects the chosen drug-caffeine has on the neurotransmitter Adenosine. Caffeine is a known antagonist of Adenosine, inquiring that it counters Adenosine’s inhibitory effects by a simple mechanism of competitive inhibition – not allowing Adenosine to bind…

illustrates the classification of antagonists according to their characteristics. The classification of antagonists is divided into two main categories, receptor antagonists and non-receptor antagonists. In receptor antagonists, it would be divided into competitive antagonists and non-competitive antagonists. In non-receptor antagonists, divided into chemical antagonists and physiological antagonists. In different categories, there are different examples to support the feature of the…

The exact pathophysiology of Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome resulting from long term use is unknown. Some authors propose that the episode is not caused by cannabis itself but causative agent might be other components and contaminants in the cannabis 5. It is also possible that the accumulation of increasing levels cannabis metabolites leads to paradoxical vomiting seen with long term use6 .Cannabidiol is one of the metabolite which is a partial agonist at CB receptors thus acting as an…

Additionally GLPP-1 receptor agonist treatment has shown reduction in the occurrences of hypoglycemia when chosen as a mode of treatment. Clinical trials were extensively conducted for about 84 weeks. In Comparison with Insulin Glargine, Exenatide QW lowered A1C level significantly and that further reflects better glycemic control. However several patients did notice that Exenatide QW positively attributed to reduced cardiovascular risk by lowering blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure…

partially soluble in water, soluble in methanol and freely soluble in acetone with a Pkb (dissociation constant) of 8.5 rendering it a weak base. It is also soluble in acidic pH and poorly soluble in basic medium. It has a molecular weight of 467.7 in its base form and 504.1 in its salt form [HCL; NIH, 2014]. 4.2.2. Pharmacology BUP exhibits a partial agonist activity at mu receptors with low intrinsic activity, high affinity and low dissociation constant. The low intrinsic activity would…

Beneficial effects of the beta adrenergic antagonists in the treatment of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is not uncommon for the patients to present with two or more disease states at the same time. Thus, the management of such concomitant disease states may be pharmacologically challenging as it is, for example, in the treatment of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension (HTN) with a compelling indication of the post-myocardial infarction (post-MI).…

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, which plays a role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. It has been observed that there is approximately a 90% loss of acetylcholine in the brains of people afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease (Boeree, 2009). The α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7- nAChRs) are highly expressed in the hippocampus (Prickaerts et al., 2011). Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is the constant increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission. Research…

Albuterol is an adrenergic receptor agonist with pharmacological properties and therapeutic indications similar to terbutaline. The mechanism of the anti-asthmatic action of adrenergic receptor agonists is without a doubt linked to the direct relaxation of airway smooth muscle and the bronchodilator. Although human bronchial smooth muscle receives little or no sympathetic stoppage, it contains large numbers of adrenergic receptors. When the adrenergic receptors activate the adenylyl cyclase…

Throughout the book, A Tale of Two Cities the theme of sacrifice is used to help the reader realize the cost of life, as well as to develop the plot through the effects of those sacrifices. Through the characters of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, and Ms. Pross the theme of sacrifice is developed. The theme of sacrifice brings key aspects of the plot together, and Carton's sacrifice brings the novel to closer in the end. <br> <br>Sydney Carton paid the highest cost of sacrifice with his…

from the infected population without getting infected himself. The characters were shown to have that survival instinct; to do whatever it takes in order to stay alive despite the choices and adaptations they would have to make. The antagonists are introduced as a group of four men that come from Earth and land on the planet of Whileaway, an all female dominated world. Throughout the story, the main character feels threatened by their presence and it can be seen that the rest of the women are…