Reciprocal lattice

geometry of a sample and its diffraction patterns through an exploration of reciprocal space. In this experiment, both a single crystal piece of Si with a (004) reflection plane and a Si powder sample are scanned, as well as the peaks the locations of the diffraction peaks on the single crystal. The collected data is then analyzed to determine the criteria for planes to produce a spike in energy by plotting in reciprocal space. This experiment serves to illustrate the importance of reciprocal space. It also introduces the ideas of glancing incidence and exit. Theory The basis of x-ray diffraction is rooted in understanding the relationship between the geometry of diffraction and the geometry of crystal planes. One of the easiest ways to visualize this is the use of reciprocal space.…

When I bake something sweet or make something different for dinner, I always give some to my neighbor. She does not give anything back to me right away. However, I know that when she bakes or cooks something, she is also going to share it with me. The value spent on ingredients, the amount, or the taste varies each time. This is an example of generalized reciprocity. My favorite Professor and I go out to lunch all the time. We take turns paying the bill, which is always between $25-$30. This is…

When one performs an altruistic act, one expects that act to be repaid in full later one. They expect to receive an equal act of altruism such that it balances out any risks, or costs, cancel out almost. Once again, why is reciprocal altruism valued in society? What happens if the second party reneges? What if you will never see them again? How will your altruism be repaid? What is the driving force that causes you to act altruistically? Clearly a parallel can be drawn with cooperation as…

This reciprocal altruism (Trivers 1971) requires extended social interaction for the necessary trust to develop: “The shadow of the future must be long” (Axlerod 1990). Trivers model produces a set of conditions under which reciprocal altruism can prosper: a service given must be much less costly to the giver than to the receiver; there must be many chances to interact; amongst a small set of individuals especially when pairs of altruists are exposed symmetrically to altruistic situations…

researchers across multiple disciplines have studied these interactions and proceedings. Some looking to gain insight into why social interactions take place, and why relationships exist. Others seeking to explain that only certain types of interactions have value and what those values are. However, no single discipline focuses solely on cooperation, relationships, or their innerworkings. There are some that try to explain how cooperation and reciprocal relationships reduce the likelihood of…

In a complex environment, the management of user access to databases and other network resources can become a daunting task. Users are dynamic, with changing privileges, and role based access controls (RBAC) are a powerful way to both organize permissions into groups, and therefore ease user administration. Importantly, technical employees such as database administrators, are then able to dedicate more time to troubleshooting security issues and organizing the system than to micromanaging the…

Professionalism is a combination of knowledge and wisdom, a virtue if you will, obtained from a variety of sources including education, socialization, and experience in the field. No matter what level of education a person has achieved, or the amount of experience gained, openness, transparency, and continually striving to improve are characteristics necessary for achieving superior results. Something rather profound happened over the past week or so and the following discussion post will…

Paragraph 1 Sphalerite and wurtzite are the two polymorphs of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS). Sphalerite follows the space group F-43m, wurtzite is of the space group P63mc, and both polymorphs have the same formula of (Zn, Fe)S. The crystal chemical relationship between the two can be discussed by looking at the capability of transformation between the two polymorphs, known as polymorphism. This is due to the same SnS4 polyhedral found in both. Yet even though this is so, the two differ when we look at…

Electrical Properties AC Conductivity, Ac Resistivity, Dielectric loss, and Dielectric constant are electrical properties and measured as a function of frequency. AC Conductivity and Resistivity AC resistance (ρac) was recorded by LCR meter model 4275 in the frequency range 1MHz to 3GHz. AC conductivity was determined by using the value of Ac resistance. As we know, Ac Conductivity is reciprocal of Ac resistance can be calculated by the relation; ac =1/ρac (6) The variation of AC…

images are formed using transmitted electrons (instead of the visible light) which can produce magnification details up to 1,000,000x with resolution better than 10 Ao. The images can be resolved over a fluorescent screen or a photographic film. Furthermore the analysis of the X-ray produced by the interaction between the accelerated electrons with the sample allows determining the elemental composition of the sample with high spatial resolution (Richard Booker 2005) By applying a selected area…