Pope John XXI

Tartuffe Essay In seventeenth century France, all literature had to be approved by the King before it could be published. In the case of drama specifically, many playwrights had to write several versions before it could be approved, primarily because of its offensiveness, as it was in Moliere’s case. In his efforts to please King Lois XIV, Moliere weakened the overall message of his most famous play, Tartuffe. In Moliere’s earlier copies of Tartuffe, he originally made fun of religion. In David…

The Reconstructionist Martin Luther was sickened when he heard about the selling of indulgences and how the pope would persuade people into buying. The pope would send his salesman and helpers town to town convincing people to pitch in money so that they can “save their friends and relatives” from purgatory. Crowds of people believed this non-sense to supposedly save their loved ones from this false idea, purgatory is when a dead person’s soul is to be purified so that he or she…

The Comparison between Medieval Europe and Renaissance Northern Europe The two civilizations that I am comparing are the Medieval Europe and the Renaissance Northern Europe. To begin with, in Medieval Europe, Christianity was spread to everyone. The Catholic Church spread Christianity mainly to convert the pagans. It rejected all pagan traditions. During the Latin reign, the Greek/Hebrew parts of the bible were translated into the Latin language. Medieval commoners used the Bible. Its text…

Pope Urban II started the First Crusade to help Byzantine Christians, to manifest papal authority, and to provide redemption for Christian souls. Thomas Asbridge¹ in his book, The First Crusade, explains that in the advent of the First Crusade in 1095, the papacy was slowly recovering. In the events leading up to the First Crusade, Europe had undergone significant political and social upheaval. The Church was divided with Eastern Christians following Orthodoxy and Western Christians following…

cultural disruption that fragmented Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era was known as the Protestant Reformation. In northern and central Europe, activists like Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged the papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice. This rebellion led to wars that argued the redistribution of religious and political power. The Reformation…

The Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King persuades the white moderates to take his side because of his use of support. In the letter King talks about Hitler and this scares the white moderates into supporting him. King critiques the churches, this is something no one does at this time period. He talks about something all moderates can relate to Jesus. All of Kings support relates to his audience the white moderates to attempt to persuade them to his side. Supports his cause by…

During the Middle Ages Christianity shaped the spiritual, intellectual, and institutional development in Europe heavily. Christianity shaped the spiritual development in Europe from the fifth to the tenth century when churches sent out missionaries to attempt converting barbarians to Christianity, which in later centuries helped rid Europe of barbarianism. Because it was the most dominant religion in Europe, many attempts to purify the church were taken on by Christians attempting to unify the…

In this essay I’ll be discussing the history of Baroque art and two artist from that era, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Then I’ll explain the role of the church during this era and how Caravaggio and Bernini differently conveyed faith and commitment to the church. Lastly, I’ll give my visual analyze on Bernini’s painting Ecstasy of St. Teresa and Caravaggio’s painting Crucifixion of St. Peter. The Baroque era came about from the Reformation which was a religious…

The period between the 5th and 14th centuries were known as “The Middle Ages” or Medieval period. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe didn’t have leaders or a political structure to unite the people. The Roman Catholic Church eventually became that institution along with kings, queens, and noblemen that would incite control over the people. During the Middle Ages, ordinary people like merchants, salesmen, carpenter and peasants were required to tithe 10 percent of their earnings each year…

History is filled with lost cultures. Victims of their own oral historical traditions, and without literature of their own these cultures suffer the mercy of neighbors and in many cases enemies. Obscured by half-truths and hateful rhetoric written by enemies, much of their heritage is lost in time. Historians and archeologists working with incomplete manuscripts, biased histories, and ancient graves are challenged to discover the true nature of these lost cultures. The subject of this effort is…