Pope John XXI

the freedom of thought of men when it went against their precepts and teachings. The following men, for example, William Tyndale, John Huss and John Wycliffe all endeavored to face the congregation. The way in which the Catholic Church enslaved the masses was not a pleasant sight for the eyes. The second solid purpose of this content was McGrath's exhaustive record of John Calvin. This was yet another man that resisted the force of the papacy. Calvin had a passion of studying Humanism. He stood…

Emperor Charles V was a Spanish ruler and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The painting is of Charles V after his victory at the battle of Muhlberg which won him the Schmalkaldic War, (“Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547)” Encyclopedia.com). Emperor Charles seeked to unite Europe under Roman Catholic but with the rising numbers of Protestants he declared war on Protestantism. Charles V was a failure not only because he failed to unite Europe but because he tried to use religion to control and unite…

Papal Bulls “List Of Papal Bulls” The List Of Papal Bulls is an incomplete catalog of the Papal Bulls, which were issued by the Roman Catholic Church. The 1452 Papal Bull the “Dum Diversas” Issued by Pope Nicholas V. The first papal bull “to seek out and discover” was issued in 1452 and is known as the Dum Diversas. The document gave the king of Portugal Afonso V, the authority to subjugate Muslims, pagans, and other unbelievers. We grant you…

in The Pardoner’s Tale. “Ther cam a privee theef men clepeth Deeth/ That in this contree al the peple sleeth,” (Ackroyd 15). The Plague happened six times during Chaucer’s lifetime. During the time of the Plague” the widespread fear of death and sense of helplessness that people often felt when faced with the threat of such a disease, caused people to react in different ways,” (Rossignol 37). Some people responded to the threat of the Plaque by indulging themselves and “living it up” in a…

The Carolingian Empire and Ottonian Empire each occurred successively. Starting in the second half of the eighth century with the dynasty known today as Carolingian. Then culminating with the Ottonians as they were being established as the Holy Roman Empire. These empires were located in western Germany, France, and northern Italy. The Carolingian dynasty that was led by Charlemagne and his heirs used illustrated books to better develop Christianity’s exposure among their people which helped…

the only reason and motivation of the crusade was religion whereas Ronald Finucane believes greed of wealth was the motivation to join crusade. Hans believes the crusade was called by the pope urban II. He asked Christians to join crusades to free holy land from Muslim. Who had occupied the holy land. The pope said if Christian helps free the land, god would forgive their sins that they may have committed. They will also be rewarded after life. In contrast Ronald believes that people joined…

served Canada during the war and a parliamentary committee in 1948 said they should be able to vote. But First Nations refused to vote because it meant they had to give up the tax exemptions that were part of the rights the treaty provided. Then in 1960 John Diefenbaker extended the right to vote to First Nations people unconditionally. Including the First Nations in the politics of Canada and giving them more of a voice using the right to vote made Canada closer and put people on more equal…

Explaining the Protestant Reformation: The most important aspects of the Protestant Reformation are Martin Luther's 95 thesis, those who supported Martin Luther and why, diet of worms, importance of Huldrych Zwingli, Catholic counter-reformation, and Council of Trent. These are the most important aspects of the Protestant Reformation because they are the key events or elements that lead up to and helped complete the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther's 95 thesis is a list of abuses Martin…

The split of the Roman Empire into two divisions– eastern and western empires, were the results of the quick growth of the Roman Empire. Because of this growth, successful rule of each area was becoming difficult. In hope to maintain order, Emperor Diocletian came to the conclusion around 285 CE that the best solution to this problem would be to split the Roman Empire . The eastern part of the Roman Empire, know as the Byzantine Empire, was founded by Constantine the Great in 330 AD and had a…

The article I will be reviewing is Sacrifice and Pagan Belief in Fifth- and Sixth-Century Byzantium by K. W. Harl. The article was published in the Past & Present academic journal in August 1990. The topic is what happened Pagan beliefs and the art of Pagan sacrifice starting around 300AD to around 600AD. K. W. Harl is writing this article to state that the conversion of Pagan beliefs and Pagan sacrifices to Christian beliefs and Christian values was a song, slow process that started in the…