Ontology

Introduction In this paper, I will argue that Dr. William Craig and Al-Ghazali have both valid and sound arguments about the existence of the universe. In The Kalam Cosmological Argument (2000), Dr. Craig explains and evaluates, and later defends, Ghazali’s cosmological argument. The Kalam Cosmological argument is constructed as follows: (1) Whatever begins to exist has a cause of its beginning. (2) The universe began to exist. (3) Therefore, the universe has a cause of its beginning. Craig’s…

meditate’. Mauna is not simply thinking. On the contrary it is an inward journey. Mauna is sacred Silence. It is meditation. Accordingly, because of Mauna being sacred silence, a Muni is said to be ecstatic. (Tapa done by a Muni is Mauna). He is said to transcend the human condition. He stands (stasis) outside (ex) his ordinary egoist personality. This self-transcendence takes one to the state of ecstasy, with the psychic conditioning temporarily suspended in utter bliss. Sacred Silence leads to…

Throughout many years, the existence of God has always been a topic of discussion and through the years, many people have tried to come up with myths, stories and facts about if God exists or not. Many philosophers including Rene Descartes is looking to find certainty an proof of God’s existence and through his arguments, he will base all of his theories and principles on this theory. The existence of God has been argued about in history for years and years and confused many people. For…

There are three philosophers that have important epistemologies. They are John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume. John Locke is known as a founder of a school of thought, British Empiricism. George Berkeley was one of three famous British Empiricists. He is known for his works on vision and metaphysics. David Hume was known as a historian and essayist as well, not only as a philosopher. John Locke was an English empiricist during the 17th century. He argued that when we are born our mind…

The following essay will be focusing on Armstrong’s idea of a casual concept and how mental states could potentially be casual concepts through various example and analysis. David. M. Armstrong starts his paper focusing on what philosophy can do to contribute to solve the mind/body problem. Before going in to Armstrong’s argument it is crucial to mention what is the mind body problem. The mind body problem is the problem of explaining how mental states, events and processes (like beliefs,…

When it comes to the age old question of can we prove that God exists, Soren Kierkegaard and Sir Francis Bacon would have different answers. Kierkegaard believes that “Faith, not logic, is the basis of belief”, while Bacon believed that “nature should be interrogated”. Although both philosophers believe in God, through Kierkegaard’s methodology, one could come to the conclusion that God exists, while through Bacon’s methodology one would not be able to come to the conclusion that God exists.…

Birdie Sidwell , the protagonist of Deep by Susanna Vance and I are not at all similar. We have different views of the world , are viewed by the world in distinctive ways and I would respond in a different way to the central conflict of the of the novel. Therefore , I believe given the chance , we would not be friends. My novel is about a thirteen year old girl name Birdie Sidwell. Birdie is an intelligent young girl and she is the only child. Although she has been through a lot nothing bad has…

1. I would place Neil deGrasse Tyson closer to the scientism side of the scientism-creationism spectrum, but still near the middle of the spectrum. DeGrasse Tyson reveals his agnostic perspective when he says he does not believe in an afterlife because there is no evidence. However, he agrees with Larry King when he calls many believers “sincere and wonderful people”, and does not call them delusional. This respect for others’ beliefs even when he does not agree with them can help the…

St. Thomas Aquinas, a philosopher and theologian, offers a cosmological argument defending the existence of God that can be understood first on the basis of dependent and independent beings. A dependent being is one that has a contingent existence. In other words, it could have failed to exist because its existence is brought about by another being. The reason for a dependent being’s existence resides in something else. An independent being, however, has a necessary existence that could not fail…

Analysis In the following passage, Nagel argues physicalism to strengthen the idea of subjective character: While an account of the physical basis of mind must explain many things, this appears to be the most difficult. It is impossible to exclude the phenomenological features of experience from a reduction in the same way that one excludes the phenomenal features of an ordinary substance from a physical or chemical reduction of it---namely, by explaining them as effects on the mind of human…