Musa

Lialma is the widow of Abdi, one of the pilots. She was born in 1970 and states that she is “43 or 44”. Her son, Tamin, who is 25, was present with her at the deposition. She had spoken with Karima Sadiqi on the telephone regarding her appearing for the deposition. Lialma speaks, reads and writes only Dari. She completed the eleventh grade and has not worked outside of the home. She and Abdi had been married for over twenty years. Abdi was “forty-six or maybe forty-eight” when he died.…

religions have been practiced throughout the whole continent; in fact, the diversity of culture was vastly wide. Over the centuries, major empires had been developed, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, in the west. The founder and first ruler of Mali, Mansa Musa, had expanded the territory to a population of forty million people. He had even given away gold on his pilgrimage to Mecca. There was also a centre of education, trade, and culture, that was located in Timbuktu. On the East African…

Facebook is one of social networking sites (SNSs) and enables their users to create a public profile as well as to build relationships with other people or peer groups. Facebook was founded in 2004, primarily as a communication tool for students on Harvard’s campus, and since 2006, when it was opened to the general public, it has become the leading and most popular social network around the world. In recent years, the number of its users has increased twofold (Błachnio, Przepiórka & Rudnicka,…

and Arabic became the new language. All across North and West Africa Islam was very popular. Their new acquired common language facilitated trade and exploration throughout the Middle East and north Africa. It is believed that the Malian king Mansa Musa went on a pilgrimage to Mecca and brought a Muslim architect who introduced a certain architectural style in Mali. Islam brought the new style of writing and weighting with it too. These are very significant characteristics of a refined…

Downtrodden on the Mediterranean coastline, the hero rises before his cohort as they face overwhelming obstacles and rallies them onward to fortune and glory. This striking image coincidentally illustrates the origin of two disparate domains: Aeneas begetting the Roman people and Tariq ibn Zayid seizing the Iberian Peninsula for the Islamic Caliphate. The scenes of these heroes’ rousing speeches echo each other both literally and literarily as they open the classic tale of the birth of their…

The trans-Saharan slave trade is one of the darkest periods of African and Middle Eastern history, the lasting effects of which exist today both physically and culturally. Perhaps one of the most overlooked tragedies in all of world history, the enduring features resulting from the trans-Saharan slave trade can be seen primarily through the Middle Eastern culture. Assimilation to societal norms contrasts the prolonged effects of racism and how it has entwined itself within Arab culture. There…

A Long Way Gone by: Ishmael Beah Chapter 1 Ishmael (main character) ten years old describes the idea of war as entirely abstract to his young mind and insists that he and his fellow villagers didn't have the capacity to understand what the refugees coming through his village had experienced Ishmael, Junior, Talloi, and Mohamed sing rap music- learned during visit to Mobimbi (fathers and other foreigners worked for an American company) music has defined how they dress and speak January 1993- set…

In today’s society, we sometimes find ourselves glued to our cell phones or computers, watching YouTube videos about the “End of Days”, “The Coming Apocalypse”, or “The Rapture”. These videos can be quite appealing in the nature that it’ll leave you feeling either a bit fearful or curious. We also find ourselves intrigued when magazines such as The National Enquirer or Star Magazine write articles revolving around such disaster. Such as, linking the upcoming apocalypse to the Dead Sea Scrolls.…

Eugenics is a type of genetic engineering that was intended for the improvement of the human population through artificial selection and gene editing technologies to increase the frequency of advantageous or desirable characteristics. The idea of eugenics to improve human conditions, in the form of embryo manipulation, has been debated in many scientific and cultural communities for various reasons. One of them being its effect on society, specifically the societal views of genetically improved…

Jesus is a trickster figure. The “trickster figure” literary archetype is a very controversial one. The thing that most people don’t understand is that it is not always a negative thing to be labeled as a trickster figure. What is a trickster figure, and how is Jesus considered one? A trickster figure is someone who violates the principles of social norms and natural order (Trickster Makes This World: Mischief, Myth, and Art). They can be a hero who makes up for a lack of strength or bravery…