Monomer

ABSTRACT Elaeis guineensis is a species of palm generally called African oil palm, and it can reach the height of 20 m or more at maturity. The oil palm is major importance in Africa as a multi-purpose tree where it supplies medicines, foods and many other products to the local population. Elaeis guineensis is rapidly becoming one of the world's most planted plants, being grown especially for its oil-bearing seeds and fruits. Usually 23 kg is the average weight of each bunch but a bunch may up…

the many biological molecules present in plants and needed by animals. Biological molecules are macromolecules composed of many monomers (polymer) connected through a covalent bond forming polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids (Table 1). They have specific, characteristic three-dimensional shapes that depend on the structure, properties, and sequence of their monomers important for their biological functioning and their interactions…

polysaccharide comprised of glucose monomers, is used as a storage compound in the plants it is found to be present in. As a result it is a renewable and biodegradable source of food for humans and many animals that devour these plants (Man et al. 2013). In 1831 a discovery was made by Erhard Leuchs that when mixed with human saliva, starch molecules are broken down into simpler compounds. (Butterworth, Ellis, Warren 2011). These polysaccharides made of glucose monomers are broken down into…

Artificial nails today are coverings placed over fingernails as fashion accessories. Artificial nails have been around for hundreds of years now, the practice of manicuring itself is extremely ancient and is used in modern day as a form of fashion. Women have a lot of options when they hit the salon to get their nails done. In modern day there are two main artificial nail enhancements that people wear normally which are gels and acrylics. Gel and acrylic nails have similar results. They can…

The human body has approximately 5 liters of blood in circulation at any given time. Therefore, when a blood vessel is ruptured or damaged, as a result of an injury, it is vital that the loss of blood is minimalized. The process that enables this is called haemostasis. In terms of Rosemary’s ‘quite bad’ cut on her finger, as a result of slicing it with a kitchen knife, her body will react quickly by following all three stages of haemostasis. We can assume this as a result of the bleeding taking…

Chapter One Introduction Do you ever wonder what happens to water that has been exposed to heat? Usually, when running errands, we forget about our refreshments and leave them sitting in our car. This exposure to solar energy heats up the polycarbonate plastic bottle and initiates the release of Bisphenol A, or BPA. Although it is not emitted in large quantities, the progressive consumption of BPA can have negative effects on the brain, behavior, and prostate glands in fetuses, infants, and…

1.1 The structure of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is often referred to as “the molecule of life”. It encodes the instructions that are used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The molecule itself was first discovered in 1860 by Friedrich Miescher (reviewed in Dahm 2005). Further work was performed by other chemists, including Phoebus Levene who identified the components of the molecule, including the presence of ribose sugars and phosphate groups, as well as four…

and minimise any adverse effects. In addition to these assessments, investigations provided in [1] and [2] are needed to be undertaken in order characterise any potential aging processes of the silicone breast implants, like the migration of free monomer material to local or distant sites in the body, as well as any body compounds infiltrating into the envelopes and gels causing a breakdown of the polymer. [1] And [2] describe how solid state and liquid NMR experiments were used on extracts of…

Macromolecules are in an expansive arrangement of life. These normal mixes are starches, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These are monomers and they interface together into long chains that shape polymers. Diverse reagents can be utilized to discover the range of these macromolecules. Sugars are involved carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They offer essentialness other than give cell support in plant cells. For instance, starches are the key criticalness hotspot for cells, and are a key bit of…

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Polylactic acid begun to be commercially produced and directly used in the 1990’s, as it was manufactured in large quantities and used for profit. Since then, continuously increasing amounts are being produced, as more is being used in everyday items. The biopolymer is a renewable source, as it is derived from plants, in particular corn crops. Development of Polylactic Acid 1. Corn starch is harvested from corn crops. 2. The starch undergoes hydrolysis to break the bonds…