MIMO

Multi input Multi output (MIMO) System of two U-shape patch antennas has been evolved for the UWB application. Spacing between two elements of antennas is 0.270 at 3.1GHz for the UWB operation. To enhance isolation and increase bandwidth impedance, fork shaped stub added in the ground plane of the antenna. Due to interference of WIMAX (3.3-3.7 GHZ) and WLAN (5.2-5.8 GHz) on UWB dual band notch function is perform. For achieving the dual band notch characteristics, trekking slot cut in the patch with feed and C- shaped strip are placed adjacently to the feed line of the antenna. Due to fork shaped stub in ground plane, reducing of mutual coupling between elements | | ≤ -20dB. Peak gain, Efficiency Of antenna…

single-elimination. It is using different channels, such as time, frequency and space diversity, and diversifies income. (W. Yu and T. Lan, 2007) In particular, data from more multiple output (MIMO) systems theory, provided that the requirements of multiple wireless transceivers antenna spatial diversity. However, in many applications such as wireless sensor networks and mobile phones, wireless devices, the size and cost constraints, a single terminal, multiple antennas, it is unrealistic.…

2 OFDM SYSTEM:- OFDM system is divided into three parts 1. multi carrier modulation 2. frequency division multiplexing 3. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. 1.Frequency division multiplexing:- Frequency Division Multiplexing is a form of signal multiplexing which involves assigning non – overlapping frequency ranges or channels to different signals or to each user of a medium. A gap is left between each of these channels to ensure that the signal of one channel does not overlap with…

QoS Analysis of 3G and 4G systems Abstract— The cellular communication system performance is improved by increasing channel capacity and spectrum efficiency. Spectral efficiency (SE) is a key factor in the design of cellular communication system as it quantifies how well the limited frequency spectrum resource is utilized. The efficient use of spectrum is analyzed in terms of coverage area, capacity and reuse distance. OFDMA is a very potential multiple access technique, which will be the…

user much better experience for data voice and video, the main reason of that speed is it allow multiple antennas to provide better range at given throughput and improve the service. In the physical layer 802.11n uses multiple antennas for transmitter and receiver known as Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. (Intel). Before 802.11n both the transmitter and receiver were Single Input/Single Output (SISO) devices which could make the signal quite weak due to the data traveling in…

address physical layer upgrades exist. However, 802.11ac & 802.11ad is now accepted as the evolutionary upgrade from 802.11n. 3. IEEE802.11ac:– IEEE 802.11ac is a wireless networking standard in the 802.11 family The 802.11ac has been up date from 2011 , 2013 and approved in January 2014. (which is marketed under the brand name Wi-Fi). Providing for high-throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs) on the 6 GHz band. This specification has expected multi-station WLAN throughput of at…

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Step1: Start the program Step2: Initialize the nodes by fixing the number of nodes, type of antenna used, type of routing protocol and plotting circumference Step3: Frequency is allocated for the MIMO antennas. Step4: Positioning and plotting the nodes Step5: Base Bandwidth allocation for primary and secondary nodes • Primary network range- 2.4GHz - 2.485GHz • Secondary network range- 433.4MHz - 473MHz Step6: Setting time for node movement to move and setting the destination Step7: Traffic is…

major drawback is that of a high peak to average power ratio. Modulation schemes like APSK could provide advantages in some cir-cumstances. 4 C. Duplex methods Currently systems use either frequency division duplex, FDD or time division duplex, TDD. New possibilities are opening up for 5G including flexible duplex, where the time or frequencies allocated are variable according to the load. This scheme would enable simultaneous transmission and reception on the same channel. D. Massive MIMO …

transmission of wireless signals there can be a number small cell deployment to reduce the issue of network connectivity [7]. In this technique, a microcell division is created from the macrocell. The main base station that forms the base of the macrocell is split into smaller cells. Therefore, the user equipment (UE) gets connected to a microcell instead of getting connected to the main base station. This way, the UE stays in the network by connecting to a smaller cell that is located closer to…