must hijack a cell and use a combination of both host-encoded and virally encoded enzymes and proteins, along with host-cell structures to generate multiple copies of themselves. These particles then self-assemble into what we would see under a microscope as virus. The symptoms of a viral infection then ensue partly due to the next phase of a virus that follows self-assembly: budding and lysis. The now assembled virus exists the cell and can induce cellular damage and death. In the first phase…
people. She employs repetition of the phrase ‘sharp white background’ and visual imagery to emphasize that the predominantly white, upper class perceives black citizens’ actions more negatively than those of their own race. Rankine uses the stylistic component of repetition in the…
Survivors of war have had to endure some of the most perilous conditions in history to fight for their country. Deplorable living conditions, uncertainty at every corner, and the ominous feeling of impending death. Yet even with these egregious conditions, minority soldiers dealt with far worse conditions than white, straight servicemen ever faced. Black soldiers experienced segregation and savage physical assault, while Japanese and gay soldiers often faced isolation and psychological…
ABSTRACT Solubility is the phenomenon of dissolution of solid in liquid phase to give a homogenous system.Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Poor watersolubledrugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Low aqueoussolubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. Any…
When it derives to contemplating out an unknown bacterial species the whole purpose is to benefit us in order to better understand what this species is capable of. Throughout a general basis of identifying an unknown species we must figure out either it will become a gram-positive or gram-negative type of bacteria and in doing so we must do a gram staining method. This method works because it will direct us to what test we can do next based off either it is negative or positive bacteria, which…
Sir Isaac Newton contributed in so many ways towards science and how we understand the world. Other scientists before him had ideas put on the table about motion and so forth, but it was Newton who made the connections. Newton’s young life was a struggle for him and he wasn’t always treated in the best way. But he made the best of his life and made himself into an important figure who changed how we view the world and science. “If there is no struggle, there is no progress” -Frederick Douglas…
What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid? c. Tail group 4. This is the only polar portion of a cholesterol molecule and it forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids. d. –OH group 5. This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid. e. Integral proteins f. Transmembrane proteins g. Integral proteins and Transmembrane proteins Ans: D…
illness to post-mortem pathology. Scottish surgeon John Hunter was the first to suggest the removal of cancer through surgery. In the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow provided the basis for the modern pathological study of cancer through the use of the microscope. These advancements served as the underlying foundations for newer discoveries. For example, Mary-Claire King was able to discover BRCA-1, the gene responsible for hereditary breast cancer. Geneticists at her time did not think a complex…
laser is then used to form newly ionized particles. These particles are then brought up through a vacuum tube (time of flight) the ions are separated on their mass to charge ratio. A mass analyser creater a spectral profile which is unique to each component that is analysed. Bruker Biotype Detects A large range of pathogens at the same time. Fig. 2 (Madigan et al, 2015; Perry, 2014; Chandra Parija, 2012). As you can see from this table there are a large range of molecular methods available…
Nervous tissues have neurons and nerves that support cells. Its function is to send impulses to different areas of the body. It reacts to stimuli and conducts impulses to different organs in the body that carry a response to the stimulus. Nerve tissues are in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves which are all made up of neurons. http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/humanbio/4/lchb4_3a.html Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system is made up of your heart, your blood…