Inoculation

indicated contamination either because of improper inoculation techniques, such as the loop being too hot when introduced to the Kocuria rosea, leading to them being killed off, or the petri plate could have been left open too long to foreign materials, leading to bacterial growth that was not intended. Also, the inoculating loop could have not been sterilized correctly with the Bunsen burner. Making sure the loop is not too hot when doing the inoculation, leaving the petri plate as closed as…

more accurate than the OD spectrophotometer could be true in more experienced cases where there is less chance of human error because the Spec 20 cannot differentiate viable cells and dead cells. The Standard plate count method, considering if the inoculations and dilutions are done correctly, and the environmental conditions are most efficient for growth of E. coli, then this method should be better for establishing an accurate growth…

The population in New England had fewer blacks than in any other region in north America, but black’s slaves played an important role to the region’s commercial life. Slaves were put to work in skilled trades and were increasingly used as body servants. The south was especially segregated, it had a richer dimension of African culture of slaves that wound up there. The black slaves established family links among themselves and friendships with Native Americans. Over the 17th century the…

Before its upbringing, children, and adults, had no immunity against the dreaded scourges and illnesses that invaded their bodies. Now, vaccinations are saving lives of millions and preventing the further spread and exposure of these diseases. Proponents even state that this has been one of the greatest health developments from the 20th century (ProCon). Even though they have various health benefits for its receiver, many still struggle with the idea on whether getting injections should be…

More than 65% of ovules were just enlarged without undergoing callus or shoot phase independent of the sucrose concentration. Rest of the ovules was either with no development or dead after 8 weeks of culture period. The effect of sucrose concentration on ovule response was not pronounced (Table 18). When comparing the suitability of sucrose concentrations (2% or 4%, 4% 0r 6%, 2% or 6%) for ovule culture depending on the genotype, there is no significant difference for both genotypes on whatever…

Studies have shown that exercise can be used to treat/prevent addiction in many ways. Exercise can be an antidote and a type of inoculation against addiction. As an antidote, exercise changes an addict's life by introducing something new and bringing a challenge and pleasure. Exercise is also antithetical to addicts' behavior in that addicts can't be serious exercisers and vice versa. Exercise helps prevent recovering addicts from relapsing by forcing them to try something new which allows them…

We have cast aside the primitive mentality of medicine and have taken on the modern mindset, where we can create 3-D printers that grow human organs and oversee surgeries conducted by nanobots. Despite our advancements in technology, debates about vaccinations for children have occurred since their inception in the early eighteenth century. Many citizens accepted vaccines unquestioningly after the horrors of World War II, but people have since forgotten the frightening effects of diseases.…

Many medical professionals revere the vaccine as one of the best medical advances to have ever been created. The invention of the vaccine has eradicated polio from the western hemisphere and has rendered smallpox completely extinct. Every year it is estimated that children adhering to the vaccination schedule prevent 42,000 deaths and twenty million infections (Timmer). Still, though, the rates of intentionally unvaccinated children are on the rise. Parents are fueled by fears that vaccines are…

The Variola Virus The Variola virus, which exists in two strains, Variola Minor and Variola Major, has been the cause of one of humanity’s most devastating diseases -- smallpox. This disease is around 200-400 nanometers small and is oval or brick-shaped. The Variola virus, and including all other viruses, are not considered alive. They reproduce by coming in contact with a host cell (for the Variola strains, human animal cells) and injecting their DNA into the host to take its functions over.…

×g at 4 ºC. The pellet was washed thrice in 15 ml distilled water and centrifuged. Then it was dissolved in distilled water and the optical density (O.D) of the culture was set at position-1 at 600 nm=107–108 colony forming units (CFU) ml-1 for inoculation (Bhuvaneswari et al. 1980). Maize B73 (Z. mays L.) seeds were then inoculated with selected bacterial cultures for 2 h, while control plants group was mock-inoculated with sterilized water only. 1.3. Plant Growth and Drought Stress Conditions…