Influenza

Securitizing a disease on the level of influenza has allowed world governments to put more funding into promoting vaccinations as well as understanding how the disease itself affects their country (Kamradt-Scott, 2012). When the government considered influenza as a security risk, it would allow them to plan for, diagnose, and handle pandemics with a strategic plan. They were able to put more funding into ending the pandemic sooner, hopefully saving a lot of lives, by getting medicines and…

Mononucleosis is a very interesting infectious disease. It has been called many things, including the kissing disease and its nickname mono. With getting mono, the victim can’t do sports for a few weeks, which can be really inconvenient. The virus mono spreads and causes many other problems for people in both the past and the present because of the symptoms and how it has to be treated. Mononucleosis is a viral disease. A viral disease is when the disease invades people’s normal cells and…

Avian Influenza and Its Effect on the Economy The ultimate goal of agriculture in the past, and as of now, was to suffice the people’s demand for food. As the population increased, farmers had to figure out how to meet this new demand, and decrease costs of production while maintaining the same level of productivity. This was no easy task, but over time, farmers, with their improved agricultural methods, brought about enormous yield gains. Horse drawn plows, mowers, railroads, cultivators,…

Take Home Test Bird Flu The 1918 influenza epidemic brought about millions upon millions of deaths due to the unexpected mutation of the virus and the low healthcare potential. Nowadays, if the bird flu was to become capable of spreading through respiratory droplets in an effective manner, healthcare would be able to save millions of lives despite the severity of the disease. It is worth noting, however, that the disease might not be contained, leading to a great portion of the world population…

The issue of an Ebola epidemic gives rise to obligations for infected individuals in regards to the health of others. It requires the consideration of ethical theories such as utilitarianism and the right for autonomy, where there is a need for individuals infected with the Ebola virus to give up their liberty in order to prevent harm to others. This will be supported with the harm principle and the need for the government to contribute to the public good of preventing the spread of communicable…

“Flu” is actually just an alias for the notorious virus the scientific name is influenza. Some signs of the flu is a fever or feeling of feverish/chills, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, and even vomiting or diarrhea. Many experts have come to the conclusion that the virus will spread…

The first thing that happens when the influenza virus infects the host cell, is initiating innate immunity. Innate immunity involves phagocytes binding to the pathogen using its pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), which binds to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are present on pathogen. After binding to its cell surface, it starts ingesting the pathogen using either phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, and destructs the pathogen either by…

evolution of influenza can happen in a pig which is suitable for a virus to evolve. Within the pig’s stomach, the virus can run into another form of influenza and create a new and maybe a better version of influenza that is deadlier. That means that this version could be immune to certain medicine. The battle within the human or animal body is an ever-recurring fight and not succumbing to influenza. The fight for survival is constant from lack of resources to sickness and disease. When two…

novel subtype A (H1N1) influenza virus, A (H1N1) pdm09, which originated in swine” (The Australian Immunisation Handbook 2013, p. 245). Based on the “Australian influenza report 2009-5th to the 11th of December (www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-ozflu-2009) there were 37,484 confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1)md09 and 192 pandemic influenza associated deaths reported in Australia. H1N1, pdm09, commonly known as the swine flu is a mutation of the influenza type A virus…

Influenza is a very serious pathogen, causing widespread mortality across the world. The young, the elderly and those who have a comprised immune system are most at risk. Seasonal strains are common and can kill over 50,000 people a year1. Influenza can also produce pandemic strains which spread very quickly and can originate from animals such as birds or swine. An example of this is the 1918 influenza pandemic, strain H1N1 which was identified to have originated in birds and killed between…