Incubation period

evaluate and analyze the selective mediums that were created after doing our dilutions. Additionally, the number of colonies forming was calculated from specific time periods to establish a valid growth curve for E. coli. The growth curve’s shape and length is determined by the genetics of the organism, growth medium, and incubation conditions. (Saltman, Lab 9) Because bacteria reproduce by binary fission in a duplicate manner, the time of each doubling of the population is called the generation…

allows them to climb. Altogether a budgie has four toes. Budgie birds have lungs to breathe through. A budgie bird breeds to make baby Budgie bird. The breeding period is about 4 years for the female and 6 years for the male. They shouldn’t be paired until they are 10-11 months. The female lays 5-6 eggs within 2 days, and the incubation period lasts 18 days. While the female is busy looking after the eggs, her mate must deliver meals to her. She greets her mate at the nest hole opening so he…

The carbohydrates present on the cells surface can act as a receptor for many pathogens to facilitate cell-cell adhesion through which humans can be infected, for example, mannose binds pathogenic bacteria E. coli and sialic acid binds influenza virus. Therefore, cell surface can be mimicked by preparing SAMs of carbohydrates to study and understand different types of binding and inhibition studies in vitro. SAMs of carbohydrates are also used for detecting disease biomarkers and carrying drugs.…

Enterobacter spp. Enterobacter spp are part of the enterobacteriaceae family. They are facultative anaerobic gram negative bacilli. Their means of motility is by means of petrichous flagella. They produce acid upon glucose fermentation and are methyl red negative, voges-proskauer positive. Optimal growth temperature is 30*C .80% are encapsulated. E. spp have been associated with nosocomial outbreak and are opportunistic pathogens. They can cause numerous infections such as cerebral abscess,…

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 1. Characteristics of the disease Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections produce epithelial lesions of non-genital and genital skin as well as mucous membranes. HPV infections are common throughout the world. Although most HPV infections cause no symptoms, persistent genital HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer in women, the second most common cancer in women. The ability of HPV to cause cervical cancer was first shown in the 1970s for epidermodysplasia…

Introduction In vertebrates, reproduction is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are key regulators of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system mainly though the synthesis of GnRH (Moenter et al., 2003). The decapeptide GnRH is released from the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner, and the amplitude and frequency of these pulses change throughout the estrous cycle (McCartney et al., 2002; Moenter et al.…

with mono often have a high fever, swollen lymph glands, and a sore throat. Most cases of mono are mild and resolve easily with minimal treatment. The infection is typically not serious and usually goes away on its own in one to two months. The incubation period of the virus is the time between when you contract the infection and when you start to have symptoms. It lasts four to six weeks. The signs and symptoms of mono typically last for one to two months. The symptoms may include: • A fever. •…

Reproduction is a vital step in the sustainability of all living things, and the consequences of unsuccessful reproduction can be catastrophic for a species. Therefore, it is not surprising that multiple strategies have evolved over time in order to ensure offspring will be viable and competitive members of a population. One of the basic features of reproductive success is providing offspring an environment with the necessary features for effective development, such as nutrients and water,…

Introduction The human brain can be divided in terms of its structure as well as function. Structurally under the cranium of any human being exists a brain with two plainly visible parts, each about the size of a fist, known as the right and the left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. Even though these two hemispheres appear identical in terms of structure, they perform distinct functions. Split-brain studies and cognitive research has indicated that the left hemisphere is associated with…

The incubation period is two to twenty one days after coming in contact with virus. An individual may be quarantined during this time to see if symptoms develop. There are five different strains of the virus and they all attack the cells in the body. Four of the types…