Inbreeding

Arguably, not many things have shaped the human history as much as domestication has. The transition that started in early Holocene around 11 000 years ago from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to more settled existence of agriculture has been vital for the development of human societies as we know them now (Gupta 2004, Brown et al. 2009). The first steps for this transition were taken in multiple places independently, one of which was Southwest Asia and especially the area called Fertile…

second smallest numbers. The Cross River gorillas have the smallest population and the second-smallest habitat. Similarly, the Mountain gorillas and Cross River gorillas have some of the most serious threats to their stability, including inbreeding, war, and poaching. Though the Eastern and Western Lowland gorillas also have serious threats to…

environmental disturbances. This hypothesis is further confirmed by Campanella et al. (2013). Campanella et al. (2013) found that natural Z. marina populations in Barnegat Bay exhibit inbreeding, is mostly affected by bottleneck and do not show genetic diversity. Restored Z. marina populations show less inbreeding, are hybrid and do not show much genetic diversity. However, the genetic diversity in restored Z. marina populations is higher than the natural populations. This evidence supports the…

Animals” by Dominic Wright talks about the diversity in domesticated animals. The contrast between domesticated animals and their wild counterparts are their genetic makeup. The genes have changed over the years due to evolution, adaptation, and inbreeding. The author explores the question if the clusters in the genome represent the pleiotropic effects or if the clusters are actually linked clusters. Dominic Wright states that the domesticated animals are in fact different from their wild…

HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS Sand Scrub: “By definition, scrubs are xeric communities growing on well-drained infertile sand formations of marine origin in both coastal and interior Florida. Evergreen or nearly evergreen scrub oaks or rosemary shrubs or both predominate in some scrubs, while in others, sand or slash pines are present, sparsely or abundantly. The scrubs in Jonathan Dickinson State Park are coastal scrubs, which grow along today’s coastal sand and are influenced by salt spray.” (Means,…

Elephants are the largest land animals in the world that are strong and gentle. Thousands of years ago, large like animals called American mastodons and woolly mammoths roamed the Earth. These ancient relatives of the elephants are now extinct. Between 26 and 12 million years ago there were about 350 distinct species of elephants now only two species remain. Those two species are African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus). (Allen, W. R. Philosophical Transactions of the…

strikes and fishery entanglements, and climate change. These effects are causing serious problems for population recovery. Small populations, caused by constant population decline, correlates to random probability distribution of uneven sex ratios, inbreeding depression and the Allee effect. During the 20th century, the species was almost exterminated due to these several population threats. The species has slowly recovered following multiple conservation efforts but it remains endangered and…

How can animals facing extinction be helped using modern science? Identification and description of the problem Extinction is referred to as the death of the last organism of a certain species; thus ending those organisms altogether. However, since most species are globally spread out this is something that takes careful consideration of every fact such as ‘is there a possibility the organism may have has a chance of survival somewhere unexpected?’(Hawking, 2012) Biologists have been trying…

californicus from 11 pools at different latitudinal gradients in a local scale. They put the specimen in petri dishes with founding adult females. They only mate one time and store the sperm so they can produce many groups of offspring. To test if inbreeding could influence the patterns of thermal tolerance they crossed independent lineages of the same population so they could use the offspring in thermal tolerance experiments. To determine the temperature of the stress trials they did…

The only way to produce a tiger with a white coat is through inbreeding brother to sister or father to daughter; generation after generation after generation. The kind of severe inbreeding that is required to produce the mutation of a white coat also causes a number of other defects in these big cats. The same gene that causes the white coat causes the optic nerve to be wired…