Historiography

permanently defeat it. Further charges, suggesting that there were other options for ending the war besides the bomb, and that Harry Truman knew it, have faced rebuttals claiming Japan was anything but on the verge of surrender. And within the historiography, consensus continues to elude scholars on such basic issues as why the United States used the bomb (Bonnett, 1997, pag…

Friedrich Katz, born in Vienna, Austria as a young child he had to flee his native land to seek refuge with his family in the United States, later moving into Mexico. It was through his rough childhood that he was influenced by the Mexican culture. He earned his doctorate degree the University of Vienna. He is known to be a great scholar of Mexican history for his time, it was he who placed a new platform on the Aztec civilization, his book The Ancient American Civilizations, details…

According to Josephus and Artapanus, ancient Israelite commentators, the Jewish diaspora in the hellenistic period was forced between two worlds, on one side, the values of the Graeco-Romans, and on the other the Mosaic law. Hence, in conformity with the Graeco-Roman period producing the most changes in Judaism, Josephus and Artapanus hellenized their biblical historical narratives as a provenance of advertising Greek culture on ancient Jewry. While Josephus attempted to earn the respect of the…

captives continued as the Magyars launched Westward campaigns and inevitably led the Magyars to come into contact with many Christian clergymen. In the oldest extant chronicle written by the Hungarians, Anonymus (as he is referred to in Hungarian historiography) writes in the Gesta Hungarorum, “Then, with victory won, Lelu, Bolsuu and Botond encamped a little lower beside the Danube, and all the captured Bulgarians and Greeks were led before them, whom they sent bound with iron to Duke Árpád in…

Minorities are often blamed for the vast array of problems any society faces. In today’s America we can see it in the cries of “they are taking our jobs” or “they are overwhelming our social services.” When citizens of a country feel insecure, they search for a reason, and finding no easy answer, they look to a scapegoat. Such was the case for the Germans following World War I. In “Defining Enemies, Making Victims,” Omer Bartov argues that in Nazi Germany and the subsequent Holocaust, the…

What forces were most important in determining the spread of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation? The reformation refers to the 16th-century movement for the reform of the Roman Catholic Church based on Martin Luther’s criticisms. The Catholic Church responded with the counter-reformation. This addressed some key criticism but retained central beliefs such as the intervening role of the clergy and saints in one’s relationship with God. In general, historians agree that the failures of…

CONCLUSION No state follows a straight forward path of development from traditionalism to modernity, cleavages and conflicts are part of every society, any society cannot find release from them, and like happiness and grief are the assets of every human life. An autonomous/self-governing aristocracy does not readily abandon its vantages to a centralizing monarchy, nor does landed nobility greet the growth of a middle class whose new wealth derives from trade, investment, banking, commerce or…

The British Union of Fascists, or alternatively the BUF, was a far-right political party active in Britain from its formation in 1932 until it was proscribed by the British government in 1940. It was founded by Sir Oswald Mosley, who became convinced of fascism after he visited Mussolini’s Italy. In truth, the party, while enjoying some moderate success, ended up as a failure. Stanley Payne described it as a ‘political oxymoron’, being developed in a nation where ‘there was neither space nor…

Corrupted Catholic Church: During 1400’s - 1500’s Catholic Church distorted the minds of people by suggesting that people can purchase sinfree cards, indulgences for the living and the dead: the idea of purgatory influenced mankind to secure a resting place in heaven. The papal dominion created delusion by mentioning that whoever follows the commandments of popes will be saved from hell - seducing the people with misconception that goodness and salvation lies on their behavior, whether or not…

Western commentary appearing in circulation between 1953 and 1965 was cautiously declinist, predicting a loss of living standards gained during the initial land reform years. This opinion was largely based upon the notion that Mao’s FFYP was to be firmly rooted in the Soviet model of FFYP, the latter having caused a substantial decline in peasant living standards and conditions. In these terms, the ambitious FFYP, geared towards the rapid industrialisation of heavy and light industry, was…