Fuzzy logic

“'Time management' is really a misnomer; the challenge is not to manage time, but manage ourselves. The key is not to prioritize what is on your schedule, but to schedule your priorities,” philosophized Stephen Covey. Time management is all about delegation. One of the most difficult things I have ever undergone thus far in my twenty-one years of life is to efficiently find a healthy balance among my Penn Foster studies along with my job, family and other activities and responsibilities. I am a…

In this paper I will discuss the charges Meletus brings against Socrates in Plato’s Apology and the arguments that Socrates provides in his defense. Then, I will evaluate these arguments by considering what they establish, how they work, and, ultimately, whether or not they succeed in showing that Socrates is not guilty of Meletus’ charges. Meletus brings two charges against Socrates: (1) “Socrates is guilty of corrupting the young,” and (2) “of not acknowledging the gods the city acknowledges,…

In his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding,” John Locke fights tirelessly to disprove the existence of innate ideas, and instead rallies for the claim that ideas originate from experience. In one argument in particular, Locke elaborates on this by introducing the terms “sensation” and “reflection,” which he defines as two processes that supposedly act as the sources for each idea in the human mind. In a tone which exudes confidence, Locke boldly challenges his reader to locate one idea in…

In his Meditations on First Philosophy, René Descartes offers both an a priori and an a posteriori proof of God’s existence. Until Immanuel Kant introduced his epistemology—the notion of a priori synthetic judgments—Descartes’ a priori proof was generally considered purely demonstrative and analytic. However, analyzing Descartes using Kant’s epistemological foundations, reveals that Descartes’ a priori proof was both a priori and synthetic. Specifically, the Cartesian concept of clear and…

In Plato’s Republic, a portrayal of the longing quest to determine the most suitable conception of justice makes practical use between Socrates and fellow Athenians to examine the many aspects of the complex conception, especially justice’s value. Through Glaucon and Adeimantus’ challenge towards Socrates, the question of whether justice is good only for its consequences or worthy in itself is raised. In this essay, I offer an account on what Socrates means by justice and whether it’s good in…

Question 2: In his Aristotle’s Categories, he presents the thesis, “if the primary substances did not exist, neither could any of the other things exist (2b7-8).” By this, Aristotle means that there are two categories of substances--primary substances and secondary substances. Readers must keep in mind, however, that the qualifiers of primary and secondary were only added for clarification purposes. The term I will soon define as primary substances is what Aristotle is referring to when he says…

In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger uses unreliable narration, repetition of key motifs, and aside to encapsulate Holden’s sacrificing modus operandi. Holden obscures his true intentions with unreliable narration which colours his desire to hold onto anything he can, even to the point where he will not recall his memories. The motifs of death and ‘phoniness’ in his narration which defines the lens through which he views the world. Holden’s asides create the office of a higher moral…

Charles Sanders Peirce’s concept of critical common sensism and unwavering faith in the scientific method makes him stand out as a revolutionary philosopher. In this paper, the epistemological philosophies of Peirce, G. E. Moore, and Wittgenstein will be discussed in order to arrive at a more complete theory of knowledge. Peirce’s pragmatic theory of truth, though in need of some modification, best captures knowledge and conquers Cartesian skepticism. First, an important distinction must be…

Socrates commences by making a serious request to the jury to listen to him. He also asks them to forgive him if he begins to talk in the way he usually does. The people accusing him have already spoken out against him. They warn the jury of his persuasive way of speaking and how he might seem convincing as he is professing his innocence. Socrates states he does not speak eloquently. He says he will speak so that everyone to understand why he believes he is innocent. He even believes the…

Introduction “Colonialism. The enforced spread of the rule of reason. But who is going to spread it among the colonizers?” (Anthony Burgess) Colonialism could actually be perceived as the complete opposite of spreading reason, depending on one’s perspective. Colonialism is defined as one group, dominant and self-perceived as superior, imposing its morals, values, technology, and culture upon another group of people. This intrusion into an established identity of a people could instead be viewed…