Electron

atoms strive to obtain the ideal valence of 8. Some atoms need to gain or lose electrons in order to achieve the ideal valence. In a covalent bond, the electrons are being pulled by two atoms that are both nonmetals. In other words, the two atoms are sharing electrons, but not all covalent bonds are shared equally. Within covalent bonds, there are nonpolar and polar covalent bonds. In nonpolar covalent bonds, the electrons are shared equally or very closely. In polar covalent bonds, one atom…

Electromagnetic waves are a type of radiation that is produced from electrons (negatively charged particles) and x-rays is a type of electromagnetic wave. The shorter the wavelength of a wave, the more energy the wave emits. Gamma radiation has the shortest wavelength amongst all the other electromagnetic waves and has the most energy. It cannot be seen or felt and can pass through almost anything. X-rays have slightly longer wavelengths than Gamma rays and has the second most energy emission.…

which is also known as tetrahedral electron pair geometry (Ophardt, 2003). This arrangement is due to valence electron pairs, mutually repelling each other at a 109.5-degree angle. This repulsion is caused by a non-bonding pair of electrons and two hydrogen atoms which in turn repel against each other to form waters molecular shape. As a result of waters molecular shape, it has a bent molecular structure due to the oxygen atom having an un - shared pair of electrons. Water has covalent bonds,…

attention by saying how energy is used everywhere in our lives and most of the appliances we use today would be useless without energy. They then begin to explain atoms and how they have to do with electricity. “Electrons can be made to move from one atom to another. When those electrons move between the atoms, a current of electricity is created.”(Energy story, paragraph 11) this quote shows the reader that energy is like an infinite chain that is practically always moving energy along from…

Ionization is effected by a high energy beam of electrons (Reusch, 2013). When high energy electrons collides with a molecule, one of the molecular electrons will be knocked away, leaving behind a molecular cation (Anon., n.d.). Residual energy from the collision may cause the molecular cation to fragment into neutral pieces and smaller fragment cations…

Thompson went with the idea that the electron had a very tiny mass and discovered that it was around 2000 times lighter than the lightest known atom. Thompson had discovered the first sub-atomic particle. From this new found information, Thompson went on to develop the plum pudding model of…

backwards. J.J. Thompson’s original model was then wrong, and it had to be adjusted to fit the new evidence. Rutherford believed that there must be a large, positively charged particle directly in the middle of the atom. He also believed that the electrons must have been revolving around the center particle, instead of being randomly scattered throughout the atom, therefore the atom was mostly empty space. These two major discoveries helped advance other’s knowledge of the atom’s structure and…

Atoms are made up of particles called neutrons, protons and electrons. Electrons have a negative electrical charge, protons have a positive electrical charge, and neutrons have no electrical charge. The neutrons and protons group together in the middle part of the atom, which is called the nucleus. An individual atom atoms will have at least as many neutrons as protons and it will have the same amount of electrons and protons. Atoms have a large amount of energy which holds their nuclei together…

Curie’s work on radiation led to the possibility of cancer treatment, but also provided a better understanding of the atom. That is that an atom has a nucleus at its centre with surrounding energy shells which consist of negatively charged electrons. The electron was discovered in 1897 by J.J. Tomson, and was the first proved element of the atom. The nucleus is made up of the proton, a positively charged particle, and the neutron, a particle with no charge. The proton’s existence was confirmed…

equivalent number of positive and negative particles. When an external object that has an electric charge comes in contact with the conductor, the positive and negative particles will separate. The electrons with the charge opposite to that of the external charge will be drawn to that outside object, while electrons with that equivalent charge as the external object will repel and move away from the object. This redistribution of charges is also known as electrostatic induction. Hence, the way a…