Electron

In the 1800s, chemist Michael Faraday discovered that water could be decomposed in an electrolytic solution into its elements. This discovery was made through the use of an electric current in a process now known as electrolysis. This was the first systematic study of electrolytic solutions (Lower, n.d.). Faraday observed that two requirements must be met in order for a sample of matter to be an electrical conductor. The first requirement is that the sample must contain electrically charged…

EXPERIMENT 1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION Group 5 Cabale, Sheena Marie N. Hernaez, Neil Chester C. Rivera, Ian Howell D. Ronquillo, Aljon A. Venus, Mark Joven C. I. Introduction The attraction forces between molecules are called intermolecular forces. It is the non-ideal behavior of gases. On the other hand, the attraction forces within the molecule are called intramolecular forces. (Chang, 2014) There are different types of intermolecular forces. These are dipole-dipole, dipole-induced…

the matter. The author begins the novel with a physical description of the Periodic Table as a whole; he discusses the names of the groups of elements and their corresponding properties, atoms and their three major sub-particles, the activity of electrons, and the organization of the Table. Sam Keane then goes on to talk about each element of the Periodic Table, and how that…

Today we might know an atom being the smallest piece of an element that represent an element, but you might not know the whole story. It all being in 1803, when a curious guy, known as John Dalton, who proposed an “atomic theory” with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of mass. Later on Dalton introduced his belief that atoms of different elements could be universally distinguished based on their varying atomic weights. John Dalton's research not only changed the face of…

It is also the second most fundamental particles that make up the universe, after photons. Neutrinos come in three different flavors: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. These neutral charged particles were first postulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain how beta decays conserve energy; he called these particles “neutron”. In 1931, an Italian physicist, Enrico Fermi…

group 4. This element is a transition metal and the symbol is Ti. The color of titanium is a silver grey and white color. The atomic mass is 47.867 and atomic number is 22. This element however is resistant to chlorine, and sea water. It has 22 electrons, 22 protons, and 26 neutrons. The density is 4.54 The discoverer who found titanium is William Gregor a Mineralogist. The year it was discovered was in 1791. Where it had been found was in Cornwall, Great Britain. Titanium is the 9th element…

discuss later. History of NMR Spectroscopy Year Individual Discovery 1921 Stern and Gerlach Basis of quantum theory is confirmed by carrying out atomic and molecular beam experiments 1925 Ulhenbeck & Goudsmith Discovered the concept of spinning electron to the magnetic dipole moment. 1938 Isidor Rabi Described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in molecular beams 1943 Stern Nobel prize – Discovery of magnetic momentum of the proton 1944 Isidor Rabi Nobel Prize- Discovery of resonance method…

According to R.A Aitken, “An asymmetric synthesis may be defined as a synthesis in which an achiral unit is an ensemble of substrate molecules is converted to a chiral unit such that the possible stereoisomers are formed in unequal amounts.” It relates to any synthetic process that incorporates one or more new elements of chirality during a functional group transformation. Asymmetric synthesis involves the formation of chiral molecules. An object is said to be chiral, if it cannot be…

Natural selection is a concept that has long since interested me, I consider it to mean “survival of the fittest”. Thus, looking upon this title, I deduced that the metaphor, which is used for comparison, implies the following principles of natural selection apply to knowledge development: there is variation in knowledge, the ‘fittest’ knowledge is most suitably adapted to the environment, and superseded knowledge is not fit to survive. Questions and doubts thereby arise: What is meant by the…

3.3. Mulliken Atomic charges analysis Mulliken atomic charge calculation has an important physical property of the quantum chemical calculation of molecular system because of the atomic charge effect, electronic structure and more a lot of properties of molecular systems [19].The possible molecular bonding of a compound depends on the electronic charge existing on the chelating atoms [20]. The charge changes with basis set presumably occur due to polarization. The charge distribution of (C20 is…