Court of Justice of the European Union

European integration led to the empowerment of its other institutions, the Court of justice of the European Union (CJEU) as a result has taken an essential active role in the European Union by forming the Union’s legal order. Initially, the European Union envisaged as an international organisational for the purposes for economic and political interest has further developed in which the courts have permitted individuals to enforce rights under European Union law in national courts. Although the CJEU is the leading figure in the change of the European Union’s legal order, the national court also plays an essential role in the EU by administering EU law because the Union is a decentralised system administered mostly at the national level and not at European level. The…

Introduction The issue on whether the principle of supremacy (hereinafter called ‘POS’) of European Union (EU) law where EU law takes precedence over national law still stands firmly, or it is merely a hallucination in the eyes of national courts will be tackled by looking at the Member States’ (MS) responses to European Court of Justice (ECJ) decisions and the methods of ‘qualification’ to EU law’s supremacy that MS adopted alongside with the academics opinions. 2.0: EU law is supreme It is…

Direct effect is a principle enabling individuals to rely on European provisions before a national or European court. This principle was broadened and defined over time through cases brought before, and rulings of, the European Court of Justice. To understand how direct effect evolved and to what extent it protects individual rights, we must look at those cases and rulings in a chronological matter. I will firstly examine direct effect’s scope of application over time, and then turn my attention…

United Kingdom App. The essay sets out to discuss the Vinter and others v the United Kingdom. In particular, the essay focuses on facts that lead to the European Court of Human rights to hear the case. In addition, the paper discusses the Court’s decision and analysis of the decision using cases that have been heard after the Vinter and others v the United Kingdom. Summary of the facts that led to the European Court of Human Rights hearing The facts that led the European Court of Human Rights…

the disease, death and deceit that runs rampant throughout the court of Denmark. For her to have downed among the weeping willows, no to have downed herself, to escape the woes that littered her mortal coil. Without a man to guide her no wonder she drifted astray, condemned to hell for the abomination of her death. Hamlet without a doubt would have set he on this damned path. His fruitless courtship of Ophelia, using his silver tongue to the pluck at her heart strings. She gave her heart away as…

The principle of direct effect in EU law stems from the formation of the European Union and its creation of overarching rules amongst its member states. These overarching rules are created in competence by the member states in order to achieve ‘…objectives that they have in common.’ In order to execute these common objectives, the principle of direct effect holds each member state accountable for the laws decided as a collective through the implementation of the European Court of Justice against…

The right to be forgotten is a concept discussed and put into practice in the European Union (EU) and Argentina since 2006.The European Union adopted the European Data Protection Directive to regulate the processing of personal data.EU gave a legal base to internet protection for individuals. European Court of Justice ruling that citizens in 28 countries have the right to be forgotten such as European Union, Spain, Germany, Argentina, India, United States ,south Korea, china etc. The right to be…

The European Union is an organization wherein its structure and decision-making roots back to the concepts of spuranationalism and intergoventmentalism and the experiences it gained in the past; now it stands as effective cultural and monetary center but fail in foreign and security policy as it faces critiques. In definition supranationalism entails how the European Union is an organization that has power “above the nation”. It stands as an organization that has power independent of the…

The European Union Introduction The European Union (EU) evolved from a regional economic agreement between six neighboring states, to today’s supranational organization of 28 nations across the European continent. These six states often accorded founding nation status include France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, Germany, and Italy. The lasting peace that has in the past half a century prevailed in Europe can largely be attributed to the formation of the European Union. As a matter of fact,…

land, even if would only last for a brief period of time. This was a process was slow since many of the European states were forced to reconstruct their states infrastructure literally from the ground up because it was severely damaged or completely destroyed. Finally in 1956 following a great deal of encouragement pressure from the American government six European states agreed to form a one large economic unit with an open free market as a means to rebuild their devastated states. The initial…