Cosmological constant

The concept of dynamic equilibrium can be understood using the properties of a titration of a strong base with a weak acid, including its equivalence point and half-equivalence point. The following equation demonstrates the dynamic equilibrium achieved when using a weak acid: The Ka value of a weak acid can be found experimentally using a pH meter along with the concept of equivalence point when titrating an acid and a base. One half of the weak acid has been titrated at the half-equivalence…

Have you ever heard about alkaline water? Do you really know what it is? When it comes to alkaline water, you should know this water is slightly basic. It has basic minerals, including magnesium, calcium and bicarbonate. All these compounds will bind to hydrogen ions in solution, making the water more basic. Moreover, this type of water refers to its pH level, which is a number that measures how alkaline a substance is on a scale of 0-14. For example, if something will have a pH level of 1, it…

weak acid. Furthermore, Equation 2 describes the equilibrium constant of a weak acid. On the other hand, Equation 3 and Equation 4 illustrate the chemical equation for the dissociation and equilibrium constant of a weak base. HA ↔ H+ + A-…………………………………………………. Equation 1 Ka=[H+][A-]/[HA]……………………………………………… Equation 2 BH+ + OH-↔ B + H2O………………………………………… Equation 3 Kb= [B+][OH-]/[BOH]…………………………………………. Equation 4 The equilibrium constants (Ka and Kb) are intrinsic properties of a particular…

The amount of time required for a chemical reaction to come to completion can vary tremendously depending on the reaction (Addison-Wesley, 2002). The speed at which any reaction proceeds can be defined as a reaction rate (J. Laidler, 2015). The rate of reaction can only be obtained experimentally, in order to yield a rate law. By conducting this experiment, it has the potential to harvest useful information regarding the understanding of rates of reaction. Understanding the rate of reactions is…

HCl has a high dissociation constant which means it releases all the hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water whereas, CH3COOH has a low dissociation constant which means it dissociates incompletely, releasing only some hydrogen when dissolved in water. Also, it was evident in the experiment where electricity was passes through the 0.1M of CH3COOH…

Throughout this acid, base and buffer lab, this will allow each individual to gain an enhanced sense of knowledge of how these different aqueous solutions work as a buffer system or how they are unable to perform as buffer system mixed with two solutions together. This can be identified through the colour change to measure pH behaviour in several aqueous solutions, therefore the different factors that will cause the change of pH. This will gain understanding of how this relates to the biological…

The list of errors start from the beginning of the experiment. Although the numbers seem to be close to the actual values, there is still room for error with the numbers. What the class noticed first is that we could have been working with very impure benzoic acid. The benzoic acid we were given was made by the 102 chemistry students, meaning that it wasn’t properly made. Students have said that they were rushed and weren’t able to take their time to filter the solid out of the solution. We had…

mol NaOH). Using the molar mass of CH3COOH, the mass of acetic acid can be calculated, and compared to the mass of the overall vinegar solution (Thorne 86-87). These values can be compared to the theoretical values which state that the equilibrium constant of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5, and the percent mass of acetic acid in vinegar is 5%. Calculations/Discussion: Recorded data: Concentration of standardized NaOH Solution: 0.10 M Mass of Vinegar Used: 4.03 grams Volume of NaOH (mL) pH Volume…

Question 1: pH can be described as a measure of acidity or basicity (Alkalinity) of a solution. It is exactly equal in amount to the negative log of the concentration of hydronium(H3O+) ions. Due to the negative log relationship, increased hydronium ions transform to lower pH. When we add it to water, an acid releases hydrogen ion. Hydrogen ions in water unite with the water molecules to form hydronium ions, thereby lowering the pH and increasing the acidity of water. Water exposed to air is…

Accuracy and Precision Lab Report By Connor MacFarland 10.23.2016 IBC 1 Question What is the difference between accuracy and precision and how can we demonstrate the difference? MATERIALS Pencil Notebook Paper 100 mL Graduated Cylinder 1 Gallon of water Ruler Unmarked Plastic Container 3 different kinds of Rocks of different sizes Triple Beam Balance PROCEDURE Estimating Lengths Procedure A piece of notebook paper was torn into 8 rectangles Without a ruler, a line was drawn which…