A. Questions
A1. Suggest a reason why the electrical conductivity of tap water and deionized water might be different.
Tap water is not purified therefore it contains some ions which will increase the electrical conductivity, whereas the deionized water does not contain ions so it is a very poor conductor of electricity.
A2. Was there a difference in the conductivity of solid NaCl and of the 0.1 M NaCl solution and if yes, why?
Yes, there was a difference in the conductivity of solid NaCl and of the 0.1M NaCl because NaCl needs to be dissociated in water to conduct electricity. Solid NaCl is not dissociated therefore, it did not conduct electricity whereas 0.1M NaCl solution did.
A3. Was there a difference in the conductivity of the …show more content…
HCl has a high dissociation constant which means it releases all the hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water whereas, CH3COOH has a low dissociation constant which means it dissociates incompletely, releasing only some hydrogen when dissolved in water. Also, it was evident in the experiment where electricity was passes through the 0.1M of CH3COOH and 0.1M of HCl solutions. The light bulb only lit when electricity was passed through the HCl solution due to the high number of ions.
A6. Explain your observations as Ba(OH)2 solution was added gradually to the H2SO4 solution. Identify the products of the reaction and write a complete balanced equation.
As Ba(OH)2 was added gradually to the H2SO4 solution, the light from the light bulb started to get dimmer due to the reduction of ions in the solution. Ba(OH)2 with the ions in the H2SO4 solution forms covalent and ionic bonds. Ba(OH)2 is a basic solution and H2SO4 is an acidic solution therefore, the products will be H2O and a salt precipitate (BaSO4) when they are mixed.
Ba(OH)2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + 2H2O …show more content…
The reaction needs to be carried out in an acidic environment because permanganate ions in an acidic environment is a strong oxidizing agent, therefore, H2SO4 needs to be added. If permanganate solution changes colour from pink to colourless, then oxalic acid is present in the food.
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4¬ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2¬O + 5[O]
H2C2O4 . 2H2¬O + [O] 2CO2 + 3H2O
Overall reaction: 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 . 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 18H2O +10CO2
B2. Oxalic acid and oxalate salts are found in many different foods. Why is it important to moderately consume foods that are particularly high in oxalates? As a matter of fact, for some patients, doctors recommend low oxalate (or oxalate-controlled) diet. What kind of patients should go on this type of diet?
It is important to moderately consume foods that are particularly high in oxalates because it can cause kidney failure by precipitating solid calcium oxalate, (main component in kidney stones). The patients who should have a low oxalate diet are people who have had kidney stones because they are at higher risk of forming kidney stones
A1. Suggest a reason why the electrical conductivity of tap water and deionized water might be different.
Tap water is not purified therefore it contains some ions which will increase the electrical conductivity, whereas the deionized water does not contain ions so it is a very poor conductor of electricity.
A2. Was there a difference in the conductivity of solid NaCl and of the 0.1 M NaCl solution and if yes, why?
Yes, there was a difference in the conductivity of solid NaCl and of the 0.1M NaCl because NaCl needs to be dissociated in water to conduct electricity. Solid NaCl is not dissociated therefore, it did not conduct electricity whereas 0.1M NaCl solution did.
A3. Was there a difference in the conductivity of the …show more content…
HCl has a high dissociation constant which means it releases all the hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water whereas, CH3COOH has a low dissociation constant which means it dissociates incompletely, releasing only some hydrogen when dissolved in water. Also, it was evident in the experiment where electricity was passes through the 0.1M of CH3COOH and 0.1M of HCl solutions. The light bulb only lit when electricity was passed through the HCl solution due to the high number of ions.
A6. Explain your observations as Ba(OH)2 solution was added gradually to the H2SO4 solution. Identify the products of the reaction and write a complete balanced equation.
As Ba(OH)2 was added gradually to the H2SO4 solution, the light from the light bulb started to get dimmer due to the reduction of ions in the solution. Ba(OH)2 with the ions in the H2SO4 solution forms covalent and ionic bonds. Ba(OH)2 is a basic solution and H2SO4 is an acidic solution therefore, the products will be H2O and a salt precipitate (BaSO4) when they are mixed.
Ba(OH)2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + 2H2O …show more content…
The reaction needs to be carried out in an acidic environment because permanganate ions in an acidic environment is a strong oxidizing agent, therefore, H2SO4 needs to be added. If permanganate solution changes colour from pink to colourless, then oxalic acid is present in the food.
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4¬ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2¬O + 5[O]
H2C2O4 . 2H2¬O + [O] 2CO2 + 3H2O
Overall reaction: 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 . 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 18H2O +10CO2
B2. Oxalic acid and oxalate salts are found in many different foods. Why is it important to moderately consume foods that are particularly high in oxalates? As a matter of fact, for some patients, doctors recommend low oxalate (or oxalate-controlled) diet. What kind of patients should go on this type of diet?
It is important to moderately consume foods that are particularly high in oxalates because it can cause kidney failure by precipitating solid calcium oxalate, (main component in kidney stones). The patients who should have a low oxalate diet are people who have had kidney stones because they are at higher risk of forming kidney stones