Cognitive science

Charles Sanders Peirce’s concept of critical common sensism and unwavering faith in the scientific method makes him stand out as a revolutionary philosopher. In this paper, the epistemological philosophies of Peirce, G. E. Moore, and Wittgenstein will be discussed in order to arrive at a more complete theory of knowledge. Peirce’s pragmatic theory of truth, though in need of some modification, best captures knowledge and conquers Cartesian skepticism. First, an important distinction must be…

Animal experimentation in fields of product safety and pharmaceutical development is a controversial subject. Those opposed to experimentation often cite the suffering of the animals, the existence of alternate testing methods, and the unproven benefits to human beings, as support for their reasoning, well those in favor of experimentation believe that the benefits to humanity cannot be gained any other way and substantially outweigh the harm done to the animals. In the article, “Why Animal…

3.A. What are the major characteristics that should be achieved before a social organization qualify to be considered as a civilization? Civilization is often defined as "an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry and government has been reached." Civilization can only take place in a context of “states”. Decision making does not only takes place within a home and between family members, but it takes place in a centralized power-structures where…

continuously producing knowledge. The prompt said “The main reason knowledge is produced is to solve problems.”, and I mostly agree with it, but first I will discuss this statement from different perspectives using the examples from Natural Science and The Arts . In Natural Science, there are many inventions that were discovered to solve a problem. Many of today’s inventions had many limitations when first unveiled. That is why scientists are always trying to solve them by using reasoning and…

“The theme of Brave New World is not the advancement of science as such; it is the advancement of science as it affects individuals” said Aldous Huxley in the foreword to his dystopian novel. Science in the fields of biology, technology, and psychology are a big threat to society, manipulating the way they think and act, leaving humanity behind, and stealing their freedom of choice and decision. The progression of biological science remodelled society in the setting of Brave New World, the…

Extensional and Intensional definitions are two key ways in which object or concept can be defined. Intensional definition In rationale and science, an intensional definition gives the importance of a term by indicating fundamental and adequate conditions for when the term ought to be utilized. On account of things, this is proportional to determining the properties that a question needs with a specific end goal to be considered a referent of the term. For instance, an intensional meaning of…

Uniformity and knowledge are interesting topics but very few understand the significance of both. The problem with reconciling uniformity with knowledge is that uniformity relies on the conformity of the state of a substance. Uniformity, in particular, refers to quality or state of being uniform and can be associated with the state of equanimity. Knowledge is a broad term, which is associated with fundamental truths, facts and primarily its production and uncertainties. Assumption is a statement…

Haber and Alfred Nobеl to Science and Society (and humanity) Thеrе is no dеnying that sciеntific advancеmеnts havе contributеd trеmеndously to bring about such a dеvеlopеd and tеchnological sociеty that wе livе in currеntly. Howеvеr, wе must not forgеt thе disastrous and dеvastating еffеcts that it has had ovеr thе coursе of history. Science has playеd a part in many diffеrеnt ways, but hеrе wе will look at thе impact that two particular mеn havе had on thе usе of science: Fritz Haber and…

While exploring the relationship between our shared knowledge and our individual knowledge, we see that there is an influence from both directions. Shared knowledge, in this context, is the knowledge belonging to a particular group of people who may be collaboratively working together, either in a separate ‘space and time’ or different places. On the other hand, personal knowledge can be interpreted as knowledge resulting from the influence of my own individual perspective, which includes…

The concept of utilitarianism gives rise to a question- What do human beings stand to gain from giving autonomous machines the power to make decisions for us? In order to answer this question, we have to firstly, consider the cost-benefit analysis of autonomous machines substituting human beings in the decision making process. “Replace one human worker with a general-purpose artificial intelligence, and the total unemployment of the species is yours for the extrapolating”- Stuart Armstrong From…