Cardiac dysrhythmia

Synovial joint consists of a joint capsule, a joint cavity and a layer of cartilage over the ends of two joining bones. These joints are lined with synovial fluid. The articular cartilage over the joint ends absorbs jolts as it acts like elastic and it also provides a smooth surface for the joints to move frictionlessly. This fluid also helps in lubricating and protecting the bones. Cartilage is softer and much more flexible than a bone. The major role of cartilage is to form a model for later…

Every year, thousands people get heart valve replacements. There are multiple options for replacement valves that can be generalized as either mechanical or biological. One of the mechanical options from the 1970s and 1980s was the Bjork-Shiley valve, which became infamous because of the controversy surrounding its stress fracture failures. These failures resulted the death of about 400 people, causing the valve to be taken off the market. The decisions made leading to this issue must be…

insidiously and have deadly effects. It is important to know that the signs and symptoms of heart disease present themselves different in men versus women (Nursing Update, 2008). More often than not, men will experience chest pain or discomfort in cardiac crisis while women will experience nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain. Men are more susceptible to developing heart disease after the age of 55, whereas women are more susceptible after the age of 65. Common risk factors for heart disease…

It has been noted that during breeding season, sharks will fast for an extended amount of time, and live off of lipids stored in their livers. Sharks do not necessarily require mating in order to reproduce, this type of reproduction is referred to as “parthenogenesis”. Shark’s senses are highly developed, most particularly their sense of smell which allows them to detect a subtle smell to its exact source. Shark’s sense of sight and hearing, although not quite as developed as their sense of…

Vascular anomalies are a serious medical condition that affect blood vessel formation in as many as 1 in 10 people (Richter and Suen 2015). Vascular anomalies can be divided into two broad categories: vascular tumors and vascular malformations (Richter and Suen 2015). Vascular tumors, also known as hemangiomas, are characterized by rapid growth with most undergoing involution once the patient has reached a certain age (Richter and Suen 2015). On the other hand, vascular malformations are…

Alpha-actinin-3 is a protein that is encoded by the “athletic gene”, ACTN3, in humans. ACTN3 is located at the long arm of chromosome 11 and encodes for the expression of alpha-actinin-3 protein in fast glycolytic muscle fibers. Fast glycolytic fibers, or type IIb, are responsible for the generation of rapid forceful contractions. There are some individuals who do not have a working version of this gene, which causes the muscle protein to not be created. These individuals are said to have the…

Background Statement: The board of trustees of Cabarrus Memorial Hospital has proposed to add open-hearth surgery to their cardiac services. They would have to consider getting a certificate of need, costs of renovation and staffing. The latter may include the hiring of Dr. R.S. Christy who has been part of the hospital staff for some time and was popular among the staff and patients. He is about to complete his fellowship and will have to make a career choice before soon. The board would like…

(CNN)Mia Gonzalez spent the first 3½ years of her life missing out. She had to skip day care and dance classes because she constantly had colds and pneumonia. When Mia could go out and play, she was easily winded and took multiple asthma medications to try to help her breathing. After about 10 hospital stays, doctors realized that Mia had a malformation in her aorta, the vessel that pumps blood from the heart. The 4-year-old would need an operation to close off the part of her aorta that was…

Firefighters-from career veterans with twenty or more years, to volunteers with only a few months under their belts-go through intense, rigorous, and extremely important training. What could happen if firefighters just did the minimum amount of training required and that was all they trained? THE DENVER DRILL On 28 September 1992, in Denver Colorado, a three-alarm fire broke out. During attempts to locate and rescue survivors, Mark Langvardt, a 16-year veteran firefighter, was separated from…

The following article will discuss the effects that Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids can have on muscle development in the human body. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are commonly known for being taken for personal use but, there are many medical conditions where anabolic-androgenic steroids must be used and this will also be discussed. Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic drugs related to the male sex hormones called androgens and the term anabolic, refers to the growth of skeletal…