Carbon-14

will be focused in the essay is carbon 14 isotope. Carbon is found in all living things and is the building block for organic material, there is carbon 12, 13 and 14 and they all have different properties. This isotope was discovered on February 27, 1940 by Martin Karmen and Sam Ruben and is the most radioactive out of all carbon isotopes. The relative abundance of it is >0.1% (trace amount) and its relative mass is 14.003241. It has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. This particular isotope is found in all carbon containing substances however it is very rare. Carbon 14 is used for radiocarbon dating which…

Relative dating and radiometric dating are two different things used for the same purpose. This purpose is to determine the age of fossils and other geological features. Radiometric uses radioactivity while relative uses location of the fossil or feature in rock layers. Although radiometric is more accurate than relative, relative dating is easier, quicker, and is the oldest way. These two ways are some of the common ways but not the only ways. There are also methods like carbon dating and…

Once a living thing dies, the carbon dating process begins. As long as an organism is alive it will continue to take in 14C or radio carbon; however, when it dies, it will stop. Since 14C is radioactive (decays into 14N), the amount of 14C in a dead organism gets less and less over time. Therefore, part of the dating process involves measuring the amount of 14C that remains after some has decayed. Scientists now use a device called AMS (don't know what it stands for) to figure out the ratio of…

Radiocarbon dating was invented similarly with the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Furthermore, due to the long duration of time elapse, it was hard to date the time when the scrolls were produced. Although the hot and dry climate of the Dead Sea prevented it from rotting severely, it was still difficult to exclude the containments included in the fragments and scrolls. As a result, the process of processing the samples was intricate. At the first part of the process, the scientists tried to…

and anthropologists work together to date objects found in their archeological digging, many being millions of years old. Various methods of dating are available, depending on what they are trying to date. In this essay, the techniques of dating objects will be explored and compared. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but all extremely complex and scientific, each with its own purpose. The methods that will be discussed will be Radio Carbon Dating, Relative Dating, Absolute…

Apollo 13 mission was planned to launched and land on the moon and return back to Earth. Unfortunately, after about 56 hours into their flight, an oxygen tank crippled due to an explosion inside of it. The damages this caused forced the crew to only orbit the moon and head back toward Earth without landing. This was the creation of the now famous line, “Houston we’ve had a problem…” The lunar module (LM) ended up landing on Earth on April 17, 1970 at 1:07 p.m., landing in the Pacific Ocean…

oxygen from draining and figuring out how to get them back. Jim Lovell, on the other hand, had to work together with his crew, as they had listened to the exact commands from mission control to get back home, and figure out how to stop the oxygen from draining out, which required them to all work together. But it wasn 't so easy to do so, as Lovell 's crew and mission control, everyone had something to say, and it wasn 't easy to all agree, make a plan, and execute that plan. If someone gave up…

on Earth. John L. Swigert wasn’t on the prime crew until Mattingly, the prime command module pilot, came down with the German measles. So, unfortunately for him he was called up and thrown into this space mission that caused some health problems to all 3 men on board. The objective of Apollo 13 was to explore Fra Mauro Formation, a crater on the moon explored by the ensuing crew, Apollo 14. But that didn’t happen on the Apollo 13 mission due to them having to abort mission. This was due to…

Characterization of Toby If asked, most people would describe getting a ticket as, for instance a speed ticket; a ticket you got for driving too fast. Tickets are given to us by our higher authorities if we do not follow the law. However, for Toby Heckler, that is not the case. Toby is a socially handicapped male, with a rather childish appearance. (Page 37, ‘’On the yellow paper Toby had printed in red ink ‘PRAKING MISTEAK’ and signed his name ‘TOBY’ in a childish-looking hand.’’) The fact that…

Silicon carbide has been recognised as an important structural ceramic material because of its unique combination of properties. It is a promising ceramic material that can replace conventional metals and ionic-bonded oxide ceramics such as alumina. Structure of Silicon carbide Silicon carbide is a compound of silicon, a metalloid, and carbon, a nonmetal, and has a giant molecular lattice structure. It has a similar structure with diamond. Each carbon atom is joined tetrahedrally to four…