Blood vessel

muscle and is compromised of four chambers including a right and left atrium and corresponding ventricles. the function of the heart is to pump oxygen rich blood throughout the body while receiving blood and sending it to the lungs to be re oxygenated then repeating the cycle. all of the body's different tissues require this oxygen rich blood to perform their functions. however, there are many problems that can affect the function of the heart. some of these problems are congenital meaning…

multifactorial disease that usually develops many years before manifestation of clinical symptoms. Stages of plaque formation 1.Fatty streak development Earliest visible lesions appear as yellow discolouration on the artery’s inner surface but at this stage blood flow is not affected • Endothelial dysfunction – triggered by injury to the arterial…

of stiffer collagen are viewed as primary causes of arterial stiffening that is connected to the age of an individual. In addition, blood pressure has a substantial part in establishing the frame of the vessel walls, with reconstruction taking place in order to recompense for the differences in wall pressure. Along with relating to various structural causes, vessel function can have an impact on the arterial stiffness as well, with the endothelium and, especially, nitric oxide being primary…

fright mechanism to avoid another attack. The Autonomous Nervous System entirely controls this response. More energy is regenerated to prepare for fright. It hence leads to the activation of adrenergic receptors which affect the formation of new blood vessels. The action of sympathetic nerves can impact tissue repair mechanisms during angiogenesis which is a later response occurring in the patients’…

arteries and veins since they encircle the heart. Coronary arteries are supplied with oxygenated blood from the aorta to the myocardium to keep contracting. The left coronary artery feeds most of the left ventricle, the septum and much of the conduction system. The right coronary artery feeds the right side of the heart, including the sinoatrial (SA) nodes. During diastole the coronaries arteries receive blood to flow freely into the muscle since it is in a relaxed state. During systole, the…

permanent vegetative state. Strokes occur when oxygenated blood cannot reach part of the brain. Strokes kill by keeping oxygen from reaching the brain, subsequently killing all of the cells in the oxygen deprived area.…

that returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper limbs, neck, and head to the heart. There is a brachiocephalic vein on the left side of the neck and one on the right. The two brachiocephalic veins merge together with the azygos vein, which carries deoxygenated blood from the rib cage, to form the superior vena cava. The blood that flows into the heart from the superior vena cava is controlled by the contractions of the heart. The basilic vein is a large blood vessel within the arm. Between the…

Heart failure results in low cardiac output and inadequate filling of the arteries which causes the heart to be unable to pump enough blood to meet with tissue demand of oxygen and nutrients. Consequently, the neurohormonal system activates several feedback mechanisms. The baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus that normally inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity are blunted in the patient who is experiencing heart failure. This results in high levels of circulating…

From the heart, this blood is pumped to the lungs, where carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli to be exhaled. The heart then pumps the oxygen-rich blood through vessels to your cells. As the blood nears cells, it enters capillaries again. Oxygen moves out of the capillaries and into the cells. Cells send carbon dioxide and other wastes through the capillaries into the blood to be carried away. Next, blood flows back toward your heart to be pumped to the lungs.…

of tightly regulating plasma volume is to see how much water can a person excrete, and how the total amount of blood volume has a direct effect on plasma osmolarity. As a result, plasma volume has a direct effect on the blood pressure. Basically, when the blood contains low amount of water, it can result in decrease in plasma volume, and increases in serum osmolality which led to blood having increased viscosity (Evans 1. et al. 1506). Additionally, the plasma volume results in decreasing, is…