Blood vessel

difficulties with a chronic cough and has been diagnosed with COPD (a grouping of both chronic bronchitis and emphysema); Emphysema is injury to the alveoli which are the tiny sacs in the lungs that permit oxygen and carbon dioxide to interchange between the blood stream. This produces huge air spaces that are distributed throughout both of the lungs. This occurs without fibrosis (scarring) and causes the lungs to be hyper inflated (over distended). Chronic bronchitis is chronic inflammation of…

According to the American Heart Association, the standard disease course of heart disease consists of 4 different classes of the patient’s symptoms and quality of life, which are mild I, mild II, moderate, and severe (“Classes of Heart Failure”, 2015). Doctors base the progression of the disease based on an individual’s limitations during physical activity. Mild I refers to no limitations and no signs or symptoms of heart issues. Mild II refers to a slight limitation during physical activity,…

Pulmonary Hypertension in the most basic and literal sense is defined as increased blood pressure (hypertension=High pressure) in the vasculature of the pulmonary vessels (Pulmonary=Of or relating to the lungs). It can be caused by a number of complications including heart valve failure, pulmonary emboli, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, hematologic disorders, as well as being idiopathic in some cases. Though the…

Introduction Coronary Heart disease is the expression that defines the blocked or interrupted of the heart's blood supply by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries. Over time, the walls of the arteries are stuffed with fatty deposits, which is called atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma (BBC 2013). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major killer in the UK as well as worldwide. It’s the cause of more than 73,000 deaths in the UK. Each year around 1 in 10…

Moderate alcohol consumption is linked with beneficial changes in better sensitivity to improvements in blood clotting; these changes aid in the prevention of small blood clots that block arteries being the major cause of heart attacks and strokes. In addition, beer and wine contain antioxidants (phenols) that protect against heart disease. The high alcohol content in vodka kills bad odor…

smooth muscle fibre that deal and relax under the guidelines of the sympathetic nervous system. The functions of the arteries are: transport blood away from the heart and transport oxygenated blood only. Arteries have four different parts, which are lumen, endothelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue. In arteries, the function of the lumen is to fires blood into the arteries at a high pressure, and they are very thick. The endothelium is made up of endothelial lining cells and gives the…

The roaring of the loud crowd surrounds me like an ambush of tigers sucking out my inner anxiousness to paint an impeccable picture of itself on my face. I feel the adrenaline rushing in my blood and crawling creepily at the speed of light to the blood vessels in my face. My temperature rises as if my cheeks were slowly absorbing the heat from a hot stove. I support the weight of high expectations on my shoulder from myself and my family. I get onto my starting block and after every second…

Stroke occurs when an individual experiences a reduction or an obstruction of blood flow to the brain. This can take place due to blocked/narrowed arteries (Ischemic Stroke), leaked/open blood vessels (Hemorrhagic Stroke) or temporarily disrupted blood flow to the brain (Transient Ischemic Attack). As a result, the brain’s disrupted supply of oxygen and nutrients causes brain cells to die. Stroke is a very serious and common global health-care problem and is a leading cause of death in many…

Your brain is permeated by a vast network of tiny little blood vessels, or capillaries as they are called. These are extremely small and thin so that blood cells can pass through them in a single file line. There are so many capillaries in one brain that you could lay them out and fill an average sized living room full of them. These capillaries that are located in the brain are surrounded by a single layer of cells. The layer of cells forms a type of barrier separating the capillaries and the…

studies is the fact that results have been pouring in from multiple independent labs that have all been providing the same type of results. One study in particular began to show changes after as little as 2 to 3 hours after consuming cocoa flavanols. Blood flow was increased in older adults and they were able to see improvements in their overall brain function, even when fatigued or sleep deprived. Currently, there is a need for these studies to be conducted on a larger scale so that we can…