Behaviorism

The short essay “On Self-Respect” written by Joan Didion is dedicated to the discussion of the question of human self-respect as a psychological phenomenon. The author aimed to answer the following questions: what does the self-respect actually mean, what contribution does it make to human life and habits, and what should be done to develop and maintain the feeling of self-respect. According to Didion (1961), the concept of self-respect is not something that can be dedicated to a person in…

In his essay “The Uncanny”, Sigmund Freud attempts to explain the concept of “the uncanny” by using two methods: defining the word through language and analyzing individual experiences. In order to support his claims and illustrate the notion of “the uncanny”, he uses E.T.A. Hoffman’s story “The Sandman”. Despite the fact that this text is intriguing and at first sight appealing, Freud fails to convince his readers that he has discovered the true meaning of “the uncanny” because he struggles…

Since the beginning of the Fall 2016 semester, chocolate has become my comfort food. I cannot spend a week without having chocolate at least five out of the seven days of the week; two to three king sizes of any given chocolate candy’s brands per day. This behavioral intention (i.e. attitudes toward the behavior) now turned into a negative health behavior. My excessive consumption of chocolate has become a health compromising behavior (i.e. behaviors that detract from or damage health) since it…

Learned Optimism (Martin Seligman) Martin Seligman is a common reference books Punset and José Antonio Marina. Eminent psychologist, has focused his career not in the study of those diseases or conditions that destroy the minds of many individuals, but in the study of the mind of those who, despite having a healthy mental state, can improve their lives, pursue a greater happiness, better understanding of themselves or feel fully realized. It all started when after finishing his studies, he…

1.3 The Person-Centred Approach was developed from the work of the psychologist Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987). It aims to promote independence and focus on the individual and not the individual’s condition or illness (J Mckibbin, 2008, p. 25). Main objective is to focus care deliveries based on the needs of the service user rather than the demands of the service. Being transparent, understanding and not judgemental to the clients are the three pillars of the person-centred approach. By being…

• According to Andrew M. Colman intellect is a term used to study the human mind and it refers to the ability of the mind to come to correct conclusions what I true or real and about how to solve problems. This is used to describe the mental ability of people. It can be divided into two area, these areas are intellect and intelligence this used as related words. Intellect is the power of the mind to know and understand others. Colman, Andrew M. (2008). A dictionary of psychology(3rd ed.). Oxford…

The book “Please Understand Me II” has the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II questionnaire that examines the personality types of certain people. The questionnaire is a simple version of the famous Myers-Briggs intelligence test. The Myers-Briggs intelligence test is based on the research by Carl Jung, the psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Carl Jung’s goal was to describe how people act in certain situations. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II questionnaire includes seventy…

The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence proposed by Robert J. Sternberg, an American psychologist that dedicated his time towards trying to make sense of the human intelligence, suggested that human intelligence is comprised of three different aspects, which are the analytical intelligence, practical intelligence, as well as creative intelligence (Ciccarelli & White, 2015). The analytical aspect of this theory refers to a person’s ability to analyze or break down problems that are complex into…

This study will be guided by James-Lange: Theory of Emotion In 1884 and in 1885, theorists William James and Carl Lange might have separately proposed their respective theories on the correlation of stress and emotion, but they had a unified idea on this relationship - emotions do not immediately succeed the perception of the stressor or the stressful event; they become present after the body’s response to the stress. For instance, when you see a growling dog, your heart starts to race, your…

Application in Education Similarities and Differences Just as there are differences and similarities between Skinner and Pavlov’s theories, the same could be observed when applying their theories to education. As for the first similarity, both theories involve the process of pairing (Lee, 2005). Pavlov’s classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create an unconditioned response. When this pairing is demonstrated multiple times the desired…