Angioplasty

Marguerite M., 89 years old female, who suffered from a massive myocardial infraction, was admitted into the cardiac intensive care unit in Chicago’s Memorial Hospital at 3 AM, Sunday morning. In order to identify the degree of Marguerite’s heart attack her primary physician Dr. K. ordered an angiogram. Angiogram and following treatment based on the test’s results must be administered during the first 6 hours of post infraction time period in order to effective (Fremgen 2014). Angiogram is a…

Non-ST Segment Elevation Heart Attack A heart attack occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the heart (coronary artery) is blocked and interrupts blood supply to the heart muscle. This causes that area of the heart muscle to permanently scar. This blockage may be caused by cholesterol buildup (atherosclerotic plaque) within a coronary artery. The plaque cracks which creates a rough surface where blood cells attach, forming a clot. Chest discomfort that happens with exertion and goes away…

Patient introduction Mrs. S is 45 years old, married, Caucasian female. She was admitted to a hospital for a scheduled cholecystectomy. History of present illness Mrs. S has a history of cholelithiasis, the presence of stones in the gallbladder, and eventually was scheduled for elective cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure on removal gallbladder, and usually carries a small risk of complications. On the preoperative day, Mrs. S’ diagnostic data was within normal range…

Introduction Coronary Heart disease is the expression that defines the blocked or interrupted of the heart's blood supply by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries. Over time, the walls of the arteries are stuffed with fatty deposits, which is called atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma (BBC 2013). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major killer in the UK as well as worldwide. It’s the cause of more than 73,000 deaths in the UK. Each year around 1 in 10…

Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of heart diseases. According to the CDC, coronary heart disease kills more than 370,000 people every year.1 Coronary heart disease results from the damage of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with nutrients and oxygen. Coronary heart disease causes plaque formation in the coronary arteries narrowing the arteries and decreasing blood flow to the heart. Eventually, heart attack results from the complete…

when the disease is contracted? In addition with the aforementioned preventative measures, medications and surgical treatments are required to treat CAD. Medications can help with regulating blood in the heart. Surgery treatments such as balloon angioplasty (which uses metal stents, or expandable tubes to prop the blood vessels) or open-heart surgery (to bypass clotted heart arteries) can also increase the blood flow. However, medications and expensive operations are not enough to cure heart…

diagnosed early on it may progress and lead to late access failure. Fistula failure may also be classified as primary defined as a fistula which fails prior to cannulation or secondary defined as failure after a radiologic intervention such as angioplasty or stent or surgical revision. i. Early Failure/Complications…

This figure shows the 2 different extremes of coronary artery disease plaques that can build up in the arteries. Stenotic lesions have more compact lipid cores, with more fibrosis and calcification with thick fibrous caps. There is less enlargement due to positive remodeling in these plaques. These types produce ischemia which is treated by medical therapy and revascularization surgery for relief of symptoms. Nonstenoic lesions are the more dominant type in the body and are more common than…

From the days of plain old balloon angioplasty by Andreas Gruntzig in 1977 the field of Interventional Cardiology has evolved to current era of transcatheter aortic valve implantation, revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusions and bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds. Despite the advances, one thing that hasn’t changed is number one cause of death, i.e. Cardiovascular disease. It still remains a challenge that has driven me to continue to learn pathophysiology and management of…

secondary to coronary dissection usually occurs after inflation of the proximal LAD, and RCA which is more common in RCA. characterized by unexplained chest pain, hypotension, and persistent opaqueness by contrast at the aortic root after ostial angioplasty or stenting (Nguyen, et al.,…