Zone of proximal development

Nowadays, the term “extra class” is no longer unfamiliar to students, teachers and parents. Since the Economic Reform in 1986, the number of extra classes has been dramatically increased because students with bad academic performances register for extra classes in order to improve their result as well as outstanding students want to enhance their current knowledge. Tran et al. (2005) also stated that extra classes have been extensively advertised in a competing atmosphere and these classes have…

My chosen reward is the use and implication of stickers within a school environment. I have seen it used effectively in many schools I have worked in and it has many strengths, but equally its draw backs. Reward systems are in place in order for the children in a school to understand what is being asked of them. “Rules alone do not guarantee good behaviour; they should be related to rewards and sanctions” Arthur. J & Cremin. T (2010, p.136). This supports the active use of rewards that will have…

Abstract A case study was devised to analysis a kindergarten teacher’s verbal scaffolding that she used to differentiate during reading instruction with her small groups in the classroom. The teacher’s altering focuses, lessons, and communication with each group is analyzed in the categories: direct explanation, explicit modeling, invitations to participate, clarification, verifications, and telling. This exemplary teacher nominated in southwestern Pennsylvania adjusted her lessons and…

external influences on the modulation of emotional intensity and reactivity (Morris et al., 2007). Because humans come into the world almost completely dependent on caregivers for modulation of emotion, the external strand of regulation must precede development of internal self-regulation. Over time, through the external process of caregiving, infants internalize models of self-regulation – and if the caregiving received is sensitive and responsive, strategies for autonomous self-regulation…

The aim of the assessment is to research and report on the different roles that language can have in a child’s life. These roles can be seen and heard in language using oral, visual or written communication which integrates with the diversity of many English standards and social classes to form meaning. To demonstrate comprehension of how language contributes to a child’s life to tutors successfully various academic sources were studied including, the unit text. These findings are documented in…

In the article “Why has NZ society become so hard-hearted” written by Martin Thrupp, I will briefly describe the educational issue and its contested nature. This essay will also identify and critically examine the underlying values, assumptions and arguments the author is presenting. Furthermore, it will critically examine the issue from the progressive perspectives and the possibilities and limitations the tradition offers in bringing understanding to this issue. Educational issue and its…

teach phonics, you first have to understand what the term phonics represents and why exposure to phonics is essential to a child’s reading and literacy development. When the word phonics is used, commonly this is described as a means of teaching reading and is not associated with writing and spelling, nevertheless phonics is essential to the development of writing, spelling and reading. Children need to learn phonic skills to be able to blend sounds, segment sounds and manipulate sounds, thus…

discuss the Vygotskian Social Development Theory, Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, and Temperament. Each of these theories will be tied to three concepts affiliated with that theory. Instead of using the students’ real names, I will refer to them as Student R, Student H, Student C, and Student T. Student R will be discussed during Vygotskian’s Social Development Theory, Student H and Student C will be discussed during Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, and Student T will be…

Infancy and Toddlerhood: The first two years Piaget’s cognitive development theory is focused on the stages, which the first stage is sensorimotor stage. This stage focuses on the first two years of life, this theory helps best explain the human behavior and development at this stage in life. Piaget’s sensorimotor stage is divided into six sub stages which include: reflexive schemes (birth—1 month), primary circular reactions (1—4 month), secondary circular reactions (4—8 month), coordination…

as explored within the Teaching and Educational Contexts topic. Further analysis will aim to connect the aforementioned central ideas, and summarise the role of education and teaching in meeting diverse needs and supporting a student’s unique development. Consideration of influencing political factors, such as diversity, the curriculum, and the learning environment, will be discussed. This will, in turn, unite the key concepts of ‘Teaching in Australia’ and the ‘Effects on Teaching in Australia…