the peripheral nervous system, but we’ll specifically review the autonomic system which controls involuntary muscles. These muscles are the smooth muscles found in structures such as blood vessels, airways, glands, and cardiac muscles within the heart. This system also regulates numerous functional characteristics such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, digestion, and sweating. Additionally, the autonomic system is divided into two subdivisions known as the sympathetic and the parasympathetic, which are triggered by the scenario that one might find themselves in for example a bear attack in the woods or a sudden case of the flu. First, we’ll begin with our unexpected encounter with a hungry bear…
When a person is under stress, messages are carries along neurons from the cerebral cortex and the limbic system to the hypothalamus. The anterior hypothalamus produces sympathetic arousal of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS consist of two different systems: parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) – which controls the energy level and aids relaxation and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS prepares the body for action and forms a part of “fight or flight response”, which include: -…
• sympathetic nervous system Imbalance in autonomic nervous system will result in stress condition, arrthymias, stroke and even epilepsy condition. (Kishi, 2012). One of the most commonly found disorder is chronic stress. It occurs due to increase heart rate, increases in sympathetic activity by intensifying cardiovascular activity and sometimes it can show heart rate variations. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in dysfunction of endothelial blood pressure, atherosclerosis,…
gland is stimulated by its parasympathetic nerve. a) Describe the organization of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that largely acts involuntarily. It consists of nerves in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine and endocrine glands. The main visceral activities are temperature regulation, digestion, blood pressure and genitourinary function. The second main division of the peripheral…
Introduction The cardiovascular system provides appropriate organ and tissue perfusion at rest and at times of stress by regulation of blood pressure (BP). BP can be expressed as the product of cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance. The arterial pressure level at any given time reflects the composite activities of the heart and the peripheral circulation.(Jones, 2004). Nervous system, hormonal and Kidney factors control blood pressure. 1. Nervous System 1.1 CO – Cardiac output CO…
It was a blustery and gloomy morning as I trudged along the weathered pavement to the entrance of the church. My Sympathetic Nervous System was revved up as I anticipated what lie behind the faded and chipped paint door. Upon entering the room I was jovially greeted by a man with a melodious “Welcome!” There were about thirty people from all different lifestyles, huddled in the room around three long wooden tables. Men and women, some appeared jovial and others exhibited a flat effect. The…
General Adaptation Syndrome The body has its way of responding to external reactions. It can be through adapting or preparing to respond to a situation effectively. General adaption syndrome refers to a collection of these responses. In the event of a dangerous situation, the body is altered by the side effects of stress; therefore, responding to restore balance. Han Selye was the first scientist to discover these side effects and identified them as stress (Cooper, 2017). He further…
The Metamorphosis and The Turn of the Screw speak to many emotions due to the multiple interpretations, such as sympathy. In The Turn of the Screw the sympathetic reader looks at the Governess. She is young, inexperienced, naïve, and in a strange place with strange children. The governess is put in a difficult position when she takes on the children who seem to stray from normal mannerisms of youth. Readers are sympathetic towards the governess because the children seem deceitful and yet, act…
In Sherwood Anderson’s, Winesburg, Ohio, the author intends for the reader to sympathize more with Wing Biddlebaum, a once-proud schoolteacher, over Doctor Reefy, a social recluse. The style with which Anderson wrote each character played a significant role as to how the readers will interpret them. Readers can sympathize with the type of isolation that was forced upon Wing Biddlebaum more than the self-imposed isolation of Doctor Reefy. The accusations made against Wing which forced him out of…
A quote by Margaret J. Wheatley states, “Without reflection, we go blindly on our way, creating more unintended consequences, and failing to achieve anything useful.” In order for us to gain any knowledge from what we have learned throughout this course we first must be open-minded to seeing things from a different perspective. Learning to become self-aware, becoming conscious of one’s own biases, and learning about and becoming sympathetic to those who are different are three simple ways we can…