There are two sections within the peripheral nervous system, but we’ll specifically review the autonomic system which controls involuntary muscles. These muscles are the smooth muscles found in structures such as blood vessels, airways, glands, and cardiac muscles within the heart. This system also regulates numerous functional characteristics such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, digestion, and sweating. Additionally, the autonomic system is divided into two subdivisions known as the sympathetic and the parasympathetic, which are triggered by the scenario that one might find themselves in for example a bear attack in the woods or a sudden case of the flu. First, we’ll begin with our unexpected encounter with a hungry bear
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The sympathetic nervous system is a faster system as it moves along very short neurons, but when the system is activated, it initiates the adrenal medulla to release hormones and chemical receptors into the bloodstreams. In turn, the target glands and muscles are activated. Once the perceived danger is gone, the parasympathetic nervous system takes over to counterbalance the effects of the sympathetic nervous system 's responses. The flu for example, would fit into this category. Signs include a decreased heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, relaxed muscles, and constricted pupils. The neurons of the parasympathetic systems are in the brain stem and the sacral spinal cord and are called craniosacral. Like the preganglionic synapses of the sympathetic system, they release acetylcholine. The preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic ganglia. Parasympathetic ganglia are located near the organs. Postganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter …show more content…
The symptoms of Alzheimer 's disease often develop slowly and progress over time. Eventually, the symptoms become severe enough that they affect with daily tasks. The steps to Alzheimer’s can be broken down in to four stages. The first includes mild forgetfulness, confusion, anxiety, some memory loss and poor judgement. Second, patients experience more memory loss, difficulty with recognition, trouble remembering words, will experience sleeplessness and confusion, and start to experience motor problems and less social skills. Third, includes difficulty with speaking, reading, and writing, and functional difficulties. Maintaining personal hygiene, possibly of becoming bedridden and increased inactivity may all be incorporated. The final fourth stage is a combination of the above to an extreme level. Aggression, confusion, and anxious behavior can also change a person’s overall persona as they are coping with this final stage. The situation provided of Jack would place him in the first stage of Alzheimer’s. He meets the overall criteria since he is 78 years old, somewhat independent with his care, but is forgetful of everyday tasks and
The sympathetic nervous system is a faster system as it moves along very short neurons, but when the system is activated, it initiates the adrenal medulla to release hormones and chemical receptors into the bloodstreams. In turn, the target glands and muscles are activated. Once the perceived danger is gone, the parasympathetic nervous system takes over to counterbalance the effects of the sympathetic nervous system 's responses. The flu for example, would fit into this category. Signs include a decreased heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, relaxed muscles, and constricted pupils. The neurons of the parasympathetic systems are in the brain stem and the sacral spinal cord and are called craniosacral. Like the preganglionic synapses of the sympathetic system, they release acetylcholine. The preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic ganglia. Parasympathetic ganglia are located near the organs. Postganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter …show more content…
The symptoms of Alzheimer 's disease often develop slowly and progress over time. Eventually, the symptoms become severe enough that they affect with daily tasks. The steps to Alzheimer’s can be broken down in to four stages. The first includes mild forgetfulness, confusion, anxiety, some memory loss and poor judgement. Second, patients experience more memory loss, difficulty with recognition, trouble remembering words, will experience sleeplessness and confusion, and start to experience motor problems and less social skills. Third, includes difficulty with speaking, reading, and writing, and functional difficulties. Maintaining personal hygiene, possibly of becoming bedridden and increased inactivity may all be incorporated. The final fourth stage is a combination of the above to an extreme level. Aggression, confusion, and anxious behavior can also change a person’s overall persona as they are coping with this final stage. The situation provided of Jack would place him in the first stage of Alzheimer’s. He meets the overall criteria since he is 78 years old, somewhat independent with his care, but is forgetful of everyday tasks and