Senescence

Considering multiple etiological triggers, the age associated changes start up with Initiator trigger mechanisms subsequently followed by damaging the protective reactionary shielding mechanism, both the initiator and the reactionary set of molecular mechanisms regulate multiple pathways, leading to the terminal molecular mechanisms - the two most significant molecular pathways involved are – the final gateways which when lethally affected send the cell to the grave yard. The terminal End point…

These cellular defects lead to early cell senescence in HGPS affected individuals. Despite it’s unfavorable effects, the buildup of progerin is an event that happens normally over time as one cells’ age. As one ages, there are infrequent occasions where transcripts of lamin-a can get potentially spliced…

conditions compared to other treatments. The decrease in overall acceptability is related to the decrease in texture, color and loss of volatiles as perceived by the panelists because of rapid senescence and fungal decay. The effect of irradiation on inhibition of fungal growth and delaying the senescence proved significantly beneficial in maintain higher overall acceptability of treated strawberries compared with unirradiated samples during storage under both the conditions (Hussain et…

Humans come in nuclear families and animals do as well. To some extent every mammal cares for their offspring. Perhaps humans take parental control for granted because it is a natural instinct for us. Surprisingly, their are some species that abandon their offspring as soon as possible including, tortoises and arthropods. On the flip side of that, some arthropods are of the most devoted parents and their parenting skills evolve due to risk of predators. Parental actions in anthropoids have…

organs in humans show substantial telomere shortening during ageing process, including peripheral blood cells, vascular endothelial cells, hepatocytes, kidney epithelium, muscle cells and many others. Since telomere shortening can trigger cell senescence in vitro, current theory is that telomere shortening represents a dominant cause of tissue dysfunction that characterizes the aging process in vivo; hence, telomere length is increasingly being accepted as a valid biomarker of aging. For that…

This protective function of the telomere aims to safeguard chromosome ends from DNA degradation, DNA repair mechanism and to prevent end-to-end fusion between separate chromosomal ends; all of which will result in chromosomal instability, cellular senescence and apoptosis (O 'Sullivan and Karlseder, 2010). Since DNA replication can only occur in the 5’ to 3’ direction and requires a primer, it is not possible for DNA polymerase to replicate the 3’ ends of linear chromosomes, and the ends of the…

but instead of promoting main stem growth it promotes lateral bud growth. Since cytokinins are such important growth hormones, the also play a part in beginning and continuing seed germination. Cytokinins also delay leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development. Leaf senescence is when the leaves turn a different color, and transport all of their essential molecules back into the plant in preparation to fall. Cytokinins slow this process to allow leaves more time to…

The antagonistic pleiotropy theory was proposed by Williams in 1957, whereby Williams suggest a specific type of genetic inter-trait linkage, pleiotropy, as an evolutionary explanation for senescence (Williams 2001). Pleiotropy, or inter-trait linkage exists in a way to make it difficult for the evolution process to remove an individually adverse trait, such as aging, without simultaneously removing one or more beneficial traits. To explain further, inter-trait linkage is the phenomenon where…

social aspects towards aging but I would discuss these two. People age every day because it is in the human nature to age and grow. Human aging is physiological changes that take plave in the human body leading to senescence which is the decline of biological functions and of the ability to adapt to metabolic stress. In humans, the physiological development are normally accompanied by psychological and behavioral changes (Shock,…

During its lifetime all living organisms are subjected to a number of factors threatening the integrity of their DNA. Organisms have evolved to efficiently respond to these DNA insults that result from either endogenous sources (cellular metabolic processes) or exogenous sources (environmental factors). Endogenous sources of DNA damage include hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and mismatch of DNA bases; sources for exogenous DNA damage include ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation…