Abscisic acid

allows plants move to around objects such as rocks or other larger plants to continue its growth. Whenever there is a mechanical stress on the stem, such as growing into an other object, ethylene is produced to start this process. As the name suggests, this process has three main steps. The first step is that cell elongation slows. This occurs so the the stem can perform the next step, strengthening of the stem. This occurs by thickening of the stem. Then in the last step, ethylene signals the stem to elongated on one side, resulting in the curving of the stem. Then the stem grows horizontally until the is no more mechanical pressures. Ethylene also is one of the many molecules and hormones involved in programmed cell death. Abscisic Acid- Abscisic acid (ABA) is a inhibitory hormone, shutting off many other hormonal actions. It is antagonistic to many growth hormones. ABA is produced in almost all of the cells throughout the plants, but can also be transported through the xylem and phloem. This hormones is responsible for bud dormancy and seed dormancy. In some plants in the desert, ABA covers the outside of the seed, prohibiting the seed from germinating. The seed must wait until it rains for the ABA to be washed off. This ensure that when the plant begins to germinate, there will be enough water for the seedling to flourish. ABA is also responsible for closing stomata. This response is active in times of drought. The closure of stomata allow the plant to keep as much…

How does caffeine affect plant growth? Caffeine, also known as trimethylxanthine, has the chemical formula C8H10N4O2 (Francis Agyemang and Sylvester Yaw Oppong, 2013). In humans, caffeine acts as a stimulant at low doses by blocking the A2A receptor but acts as a depressant at higher doses by blocking the A1 receptor (Yacoubi and Ledent et al, 2000). In other words, when people drink low doses of caffeine it wakes them up and makes them more alert, on the other hand, higher doses of caffeine has…

oxygen3. Serratia Marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell of a single layer of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane. The outer membrane is surrounded by special phospholipids composed of fatty acids called lipopolysaccharides that are attached to a glucosamine…

neutralization reaction. A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (a salt) and water; the resulting pH is closer to 7. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction is: Acid + Base Water + Ionic Compound This can also be considered as a double displacement reaction. However, since the reacts are an acid (carbonic acid) and a base (sodium hydroxide) and the products are a salt (sodium carbonate) and water (H2O),…

than anything else. It is important to take care of the body from any harm. One thing that the body is capable of is maintaining pH levels and buffers. A pH is the power of hydrogen and buffers prevent extreme shifts in pH. The blood has a specific type of buffer that is maintained at pH level of 7.4. If the buffers shifts and levels of pH go to 7 or 7.8, it can be deadly. The blood buffer contains carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate acid and hydrogen ions. This equation can also be…

Bronsted-Lowry Theory, is defined as a proton (H+) donor. An equation exemplifying an acid dissolving in water is: HCl (g) H2O H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) A base, based on the Bronsted-Lowry Theory, is defined as a proton (H+) acceptor. An equation exemplifying a base dissolving in water: NaOH (s) H2O Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Molarity, also known as the concentration, is represented as moles of the measured substance divided by the volume in dm3. It is a value of the amount of substance in a…

INTRODUCTION : The concept of dentin adhesion presently used involves the nanomechanical retention which is due to polymerisation of hydrophilic monomers around acid exposed collagen fibres.1 The entanglement of these monomers within the exposed collagen fibres gives rise to the so called Hybrid layer , which is also referred as Resin infiltrated Dentin layer.2 The presence of hybrid layer is important for attainment of a leakage free interface between the cavity walls and resin composite.2…

occurring all over the world, from deforestation to excessive water pollution. One urgent issue facing the world today is freshwater pollution and the negative effects it is having on freshwater aquatic life. Pollution is creating a positive feedback loop in our freshwater aquatic life, including the killings of many of freshwater wildlife. Through the analysis of several different articles and books, this review will look over how eutrophication, acid rain, and heavy metal pollution effects…

that was used during the steam bath could have had some of the product on it which would have been removed with the stick. It is less clear why the benzoic acid was overproduced. Some of the organic layer may have been drawn off with it, but the vacuum filtration should have left only the benzoic acid. There could have been an error in weighing the filter paper before the procedure. There also could have been contaminants in the basic extract, causing more than just the benzoic acid to be…

mixture is made up of only one uniform. The ingredients of an Alka-Seltzer pill consist of 324mg of aspirin, 1625mg of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 965mg of citric acid anhydrous, dimeticone, calcium silicate, docusate sodium, sodium benzoate sodium saccharin, natural and artificial lemon flavor, natural and artificial lime flavor. Each Alka-Seltzer pill has 445mg of sodium and once an Alka-Seltzer is dissolved in water, it turns into bicarbonate which reacts with the hydrogen from the citric acid…