Refractive surgery

Lasik surgery is the most common type of refractive surgery. The aimed result of the surgery is to refract light rays on the retina without damaging the surrounding cellular cells. Lasik surgery is a procedure that was developed to correct the vision problems of Nearsightedness, Long-sightedness and Astigmatism. Nearsightedness (myopia) is when you can see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects seem blurry. Long-sightedness (hyperopia) is when you can see distant objects clearly, but nearby objects seem blurry and Astigmatism causes overall blurry vision. In most cases, laser eye surgery is pain-free and is completed within 15 minutes for both eyes. It takes 24 hours to see improvement in vision without eye glasses or contact lenses.…

Corneal refractive surgeries have revolutionized the correction of refractive errors. The cornea is a transparent avascular structure which forms the anterior one sixth of the eyeball. It is one of the major refractive media in the eye. Many of the refraction procedures alter the corneal curvature in order to manipulate the refractive error. The history and evolution of refractive surgeries are most fascinating in the field of ophthalmology. Jose Barrquer who is considered father of…

the question; How can the procedure of LASIK eye surgery be modified to prevent the potential side effects? This question is attempted answer through various research methods such as interviews with experts and relevant secondary research. Laser Vision Correction is a great alternative to glasses and contact lenses. The three main types of Laser Vision Correction are LASIK, PRK and LASEK (Thompson, 2016). The Laser Vision Correction procedure corrects the vision by reshaping the cornea in front…

LASIK surgery has been around since the 1990s and over the past two and a half decades, it has become one of the most popular elective surgeries in the world. Surgeons have been working diligently to perfect this surgery and although it is not quite there yet, they have made significant gains in lessening side effects and improving outcomes. These articles contain information about LASIK surgery; including some history, procedure techniques, complications, and patient outcomes. These articles…

strategic planning for Arizona Eye Institute Refractive Surgery Consultants will be reviewed for the next five years. Practical business plans are developed and implemented to support the success of the overall strategy and organizational vision. A business plan includes marketing, financial, human resource and operational plans (Hillestad & Berkowitz, 2013). Hillestad and Berkowitz (2013) argue that the first step in a business plan is to develop the marketing strategy, which supports the…

across. • A middle cylinder that surrounds the inner part of the cable (Cladding). This is one of the layers of materials that have a lower refractive index. By being in contact with the core which has a higher refractive index, the cladding causes light to be confined to the core of the fiber by total internal reflection. This is what will prevent any sort of leaks or loss of transmission data. • The outer protective layer, it is known as the jacket, buffer coating or polyurethane (PVC). The…

Introduction In general an optical sensor basically is like any other device which could converts light rays(laser beams) into electronic signals, into a form ie readable. Fiber optic sensors have numerous advantages over other conventional electronic sensors. Some important advantages are as below • Ability to integrate different structure. • Their inability to conduct electric current. • Highly resistive to electromagnetic interference. • Lightweight with high sensitivity. • Multiplexing…

gathering samples for investigation which is expensive, time consuming and invasive. High sensitivity, minimum weight and large bandwidth makes fiber optic sensors the optimum photonic devise in radiative environment like nuclear power plants, where there is a need of evaluation and detection of radiation level and temperature change. The fiber optic sensor are application specific and are based on chemical and physical phenomenon which are then combined with electronic signals through more…

air) into another medium (eg. glass) of a different optical density. When this happens, the ray of light changes speed causing it to bend either towards or away from the normal which is an imaginary line at 90 to the interface between two mediums. This is called refraction. How much it bends depends on the refractive indices of the two mediums which is a ratio of the speed of light in one medium compared with the second. For example the refractive index (n) of crown glass can be calculated as…

title>INTRODUCTION Optical constants (complex refractive index n, complex dielectric function ϵ, and reflection and absorption coefficients R and α) of materials are of great importance for optical metrology in the semiconductor industry.1,2 A high-performance complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor process flow with 11 layers of metal requires about 75 photolayers and may contain up to 100 thickness measurements, most of them performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry.3 This technique has…