Motor theory of speech perception

Speech is the transmission of thoughts or feeling from the mind of a speaker, to the mind of a listener (Fowler, 2003). It involves many complex actions in order to both produce and perceive it. Speech perception refers to the process in which speech sounds are heard, interpreted and subsequently understood. Research into the area of speech perception aims to gain an understanding into how humans listen to and recognise speech sounds, and then use that information to understand spoken language (Lieberman & Blumstein, 1988) A number of psychologists have devised theories discussing just exactly how we produce and perceive speech, with some going as far as to say that ‘speech is special’. There is a handful of evidence to support this notion. The idea of speech being innate and human-specific is one idea. Another lies within our ability to perceive sounds as belonging to a particular group. There is also a theory that we have certain areas of the brain dedicated to speech. However, there is also evidence to counteract this idea for example, the wide variety of animal studies providing evidence that speechless animals are capable of categorical perception, and some even possess the same brain areas as humans, even though they cannot speak.…

Research spanning decades have proposed various theories and models that provided different insights into the process of speech and language acquisition. Most linguistic theories maintain that a child’s phonological system is governed by innate and natural mechanisms. For example, nonlinear phonology theories attempt to account for the notion that the relationships between phonological units are hierarchical in nature and that the production of speech involves many elements that are function…

a complex disorder in which individuals lack coordination of their motor activities, speech, judgment, body balance and movements. In these individuals, the various cognitive skills such as memory, perception, thought processes are usually impaired, although the intelligence remains unaffected. Furthermore, the nervous system and the body's immune system suffer major setbacks. Dyspraxia is widely known as Developmental Coordination Disorder. Diagnosis is carried out by testing the dyspraxia…

It was suspected among select research groups that this mirroring function of individual neurons in the monkey brain was not localized and limited specifically to motor functions exclusively, but was instead likely to be adaptive to a variety of brain structures and functions. Thus far, mirror neurons have been found in the monkey brain with connections to a variety of systems including auditory, somatosensory and motor. However fundamentally, some emphasize that a broader interpretation of the…

would be of interest given the cognitive requirements and brain regions involved in such tests (Dawson, Meltzoff, Osterling & Rinaldi, 1998; Meltzoff, 1995). Moreover, although he was able to perform immediate imitation tasks with objects in a relatively structured, and distraction free testing situation, he failed to engage in social imitative play in less structured situations that entailed social engagement with another person and spontaneous attention to another person’s behavior (e.g.,…

independently or combined. Inattention manifests in behavioral symptoms like difficulty sustaining attention in tasks and play activities, failure to give close attention to details or make careless mistakes, appearing to not listen when spoken to, lacking persistence on instructions, assignments, or chores; difficulty with organization, avoiding tasks requiring sustained mental effort, easily distracted, often loses things required for necessary tasks, and is often forgetful in daily…

Early brain experiences differentiate the lobes of the brain and the effects of the functions of these hemispheres that lay the foundation for the promotion of the brain structural functions. Sleep patterns, nutritional needs and deficiencies influence the outcomes of the early child’s development. Undoubtedly, these factors shape the motor systems of the burgeoning child. Reflexes, balance, with motor skills building to full independence paces are set for individual early children. The…

the age of five, I was only exposed to the Spanish language, but when I started school, I quickly learned how to read, write, and speak English. When my mother gave birth to my younger brother, doctors advised us, as a bilingual household, to teach him one language at a time to avoid confusion. It would be interesting to examine this advice with a deeper understanding of language and its manifestation in our brains. Introduction: Language in the Brain The understanding of language has…

his son, Nash realize that the little girl Mercee, Charles Herman and William Parcher are all just his hallucination from his schizophrenia. Alicia decide to stay with Nash to help support him as he decide to deal with the hallucinations without the antipsychotic medication. Nash decide to return to Princeton, with the help of his old friend and rival Martin Hansen, Nash was able to do his work in mathematics in the library and audit classes. Years later, John Forbes Nash learned to ignore his…

how a child develops friendships and other relationships to successfully navigating the challenges of adulthood. The four ‘Grand theories’ about child development are built on the fundamental idea about children’s nature & role of the environment they are…