Psychoanalysis

Whilst it is ethical to use the methods and techniques of more than one therapy with a client, it is also important that the counsellor has an understanding of any therapeutic model they use. There are two forms of mixing therapies; integrative and eclectic. Integrative therapists are trained in two or more therapeutic models on the same course and use different skills to single-model skills. The model has its own distinct structure and expected outcomes from the counselling are usually…

Dr. Freeman was an idealist doctor hungry for fame who would champion the century’s most infamous procedure the lobotomy. He wanted to solve all of the problems of psychiatry and he wanted to do it fast. The lesson here is not how man can go off the rails but how science can go off the rails. Elina was the first patient to undergo the procedure that the doctor had only perfected weeks before he called it transorbital lobotomy. In a transorbital lobotomy, Freeman would first have the patient…

Freud believed in the expression of language to help reveal the nature of his patient's dreams. He used the term 'dream-work' to describe the ways in which dreams materialize from the unconscious and argued that dreams reflect desires (primarily sexual) which are supressed by the superego in order for the ego to develop as a social individual. There are instances however, when desires often escape from the unconscious and are revealed through slips of the tongue or within dreams themselves. The…

The Conscious and Unconscious Mind in A Tale of Two Cities Just as it was “the best of times and the worst of times” in pre-revolutionary France, Doctor Alexandre Manette had the best of personalities and the worst of personalities. In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Sigmund Freud’s theories of the conscious and unconscious mind can be applied to Dr. Alexandre Manette in order to expose an understanding of the spoken and unspoken desires of the human mind. Dr. Manette's ceaseless inner conflict…

Surrealism was an art movement that started in 1942 and was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud, the father of Psychology. (Biography.com Editors, “Salvador Dali”) Following Freud’s ideas, surrealists, like Salvador Dali, believed the conscious mind prevented imagination to flow and the psyche held all creative thoughts and ideas. Surrealism, an art movement that started in Paris and” sought to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of the imagination” (The Art Story,…

Martin E. P. Seligman explores what truly is the effectiveness of osmotherapy in is article, Effectiveness of Psychotherapy. Seligman starts his article by summarizing how the efficacy study and the effectiveness study is used to determine the effectiveness of psychotherapy. When using efficacy method a control and treatment groups are randomly assigned and placebos are used in efforts to gain more insight. There are many components to efficacy study which is why when used its results are taken…

There is a large availability and variety in theoretical models of counselling in Modern-day psychology. Though all of these models serve the purpose of helping individuals deal with psychological difficulties, they possess unique differences. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Gestalt Therapy are two perspectives that are fundamentally different in their approach to psychotherapy. CBT is a psycho-educational approach that believes therapeutic change is achieved by restructuring cognitive…

The psychodynamic approach is spilt into tow parts firstly the basic idea that moral behaviour is controlled by the superego. The superego is the part of the personality that comprises that conscience and the ego-ideal. The conscience represents the punishing parent and the egoideal represents the rewarding parent. Therefore Freud maintains that our moral values are acquired in response to the development of the superego which is the second part. It was Freud's theory each part of the superego…

Advantages Evolutionary psychology provides a theoretical basis to altruism in relation to evolution and adapting to in order to survive. The theories and arguments used in evolutionary psychology help understand the complex relationship among groups, but also within group. Furthermore, it provides a clear goal that is being achieved (survival of the fittest), which gives a straightforward objective towards the theoretical connections and how they are connected to altruism. Based on the…

An In-Depth Analysis of Lord of the Flies through the Freudian Theory Around the time of World War II, a theory by Sigmund Freud emerged stating that the human psyche contains the psychic apparatus, otherwise known as the id, superego, and ego. Furthermore, the id, superego, and ego can be categorized based off of their different principles. The id is associated with the pleasure principle, the superego with the morality principle, and the ego with the reality principle. Interestingly enough,…