Popes

Religion and politics will always be intertwined because religious and political leaders end up balancing each other out, creating an equal share of power. In medieval Europe, Pope Gregory VII, the Crusades, and Justinian all show examples of political figures acting more like religion based topics. Even though Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII were two different leaders, they still influenced each other. In 1065, Henry the…

territory loss for the Byzantine Empire. After years of destruction and chaos from the civil war between the Seljuk Turks, General Alexius Comnenus sent envoys to Pope Urban II pleading for help to confront the Turkish threat. Little did he know that his cry for help would casue one of the biggest power struggles in history. Religious confliction, Pope Urban II, and the fight for the Holy Land all lead to what we know now as the Battle of the Crusades. The city of Jerusalem has held…

It was most likely because Napoleon knew what the people wanted and gave it to them. He knew how to please people, and obtain what he wanted at the same time. After the French Revolution, the church was in ruins. The death of the Pope VI, Pope VII was next in line, but Pope VII was more eager to end religious…

• Architectural Design St. Peter’s in Rome was rebuilt in the 16th century, and it replaced a very old basilican structure. St. Peters was built under the supervision of two different Popes, Nicholas V and Julius II. Very little was accomplished under Nicholas’s reign, but the work was completed under Julius’ reign. The work began on Aril, 18, 1506 and the work continued through a succession of architects: Bramante, Raphael, Peruzzi, and Sangallo which all made huge changes to the design. Then…

weary of Catherine and petitioned the pope for permission to end his marriage. The pope refused. After reading some of the reformers writings on the abuses of the Catholic Church and the corrupt practices, he decided that he too would break away from the Catholic Church and form his own church, the Church of England. In this Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII authorized himself not only the King of England, but also the head of the Church of England. The pope furiously complained, but now since…

“Religion” appeared as a word as early as c. 1200. It has an Anglo-French origin and constitutes as a basic vocabulary term for any native English speaker. In 1200, “religion” maintained the same definition as it does today, which is “a state of life bound by monastic vows or the condition of one who is a member of a religious order, especially in the Roman Catholic Church” (Religion). Before this time, however, there were many different words pronounced similarly to “religion”, but carried a…

reputation as the leading school of theological and philosophical studies, and Wycliffe stood out for his intellect and reasoning. Much of Wycliffe’s adult life was influenced by the Avignon papacy controversy; which began in 1309 when the French Pope Clement V chose the city of Avignon for the seat of the papacy instead of Rome. It remained in France under…

The Christian Crusades of the middle ages are often discussed in regards to the decisions of the people in charge, such as Pope Urban or Saladin. However, the outcome of the crusades could not have been accomplished without the involvement of the citizens. In the late 11th century, a group of people came forward seeking to reform the church. They called their movement the Gregorian Reform. The reformers wanted to address various aspects of conduct among the clergy, such as maintaining duties and…

friends, or loved ones without a license from the master. Being a knight meant having to serve devotional exercises. They also had to fast, pray, and have constant attendance at mass, vespers, and other church services. Templar knights fought for the pope and the king. They took vows to the church and the country. One vow they took is “To put on the armour of obedience and associate themselves with piety and humility for the defense of the Holy Catholic Church.” Some of the vows to be sworn into…

After the fall of the Roman Empire, The Middle Ages was initiated, and a time of major religious and civil reformation began. The Church started to gain much more power than the governing bodies. So much that at various times, an intense struggle for religious authority and political power played out. Even as that struggle continued the Church still affected the people at that time and spread throughout the world with great speed. Christianity had effects on the government during the middle…