Pleistocene

Tools Neanderthals used stone tools similar to and no more sophisticated than the ones used by early humans, including blades and scrapers made from stone flakes. As time went on, they created tools of greater complexity, utilizing materials like bones and antlers. Neanderthals used a type of glue, and later pitch, to attach stone tips to wooden shafts, creating formidable hunting spears. Social structure Neanderthals lived in nuclear families. Discoveries of elderly or deformed Neanderthal…

Shepard, P. (2013). Coming home to the Pleistocene. Island Press. “Getting a Genome” Paul Shepard was an American author, environmentalist, and professor. Shepard earned his bachelor 's degree from the University of Missouri and a doctorate from Yale. He is recognized for his research on the Pleistocene. Shepard died on July 27, 1996 at the age of 71. Shepard begins this chapter by discussing human evolution and the beginning of Homo sapiens in the Pleistocene approximately 500,000 years ago.…

In the article, "The Lower Paleolithic of the Near East" by Ofer Bar-Yosef discussed during the Plio-Pleistocene the Near East formed a safe terrestrial bridge for animals to cross over through Africa, Asia, and Europe (Bar-Yosef, Ofer, pg. 212). The Near East will continue to be considered as the only evidence for the hominids migration into other regions outside of Africa (Bar-Yosef, Ofer, pg. 212). The successful adaptation of hominids into Western Asia resulted into their mobility…

formed at local scale. A study by K.R. Miles (1952a) on northeastern Eyre Peninsulahas has identified surfaces bearing a calcrete duricrust of Pleistocene or Holocene age being affected by faults. A view of one of these offset is seen in an old mine tunnel to actually be a reverse fault type (Dunham,…

So, The Quaternary period is characterized by several periods of glaciation. It is believed to start about 1.8 million years ago. This Time period is also known for its time of change. This period is divided into two epochs the Pleistocene and the Holocene. It is thought that the Woolly Mammoths still existed at the beginning of this period. Some environments were altered because of the several periods of glaciation and some animals and plants did survive but not all. In other words, glaciation…

conditions and behavioral patterns that contributed to the evolution of Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Archaic Homo sapiens, Neanderthals and early modern Homo sapiens during that period of time. First of all, the Pleistocene Epoch is the main point of this paragraph. The Pleistocene Epoch takes place from 2.6 million to 15,700 years ago. it is considered as the reason of the demise of many…

of worldwide wetlands for the study of human life staring in the Late Pleistocene era up to approximately 1500 A.D.. Dr. Newsom began by explaining the significance of her theme. Wetlands provide good environments for the preservation of sediment, since sediment creates hypoxic and anoxic environments, which is good for the preservation of flora and fauna remains. The first baseline of the presentation was the Late Pleistocene era, which was approximate 12,000 years ago. Archeologists at the…

In the case of Homo erectus, life was never easy. Within Sundaland, the “H. erectus inhabitants became environmental refugees over and over again, during the Pleistocene as they were forced into highlands where open vegetation communities were not as abundant” (E. Arthur Bettis, III et al. 2009: 12). These effects of the environment kept Homo erectus constantly on the move, to find somewhere to live. This movement…

The article I choose is the Fossil Humankind and Other Anthropoid Primates of China. Many fossils have been discovered in more than 70 sites of China, so the author wants to explore whether some nonhuman anthropoid primates of China are the direct ancestors of human beings. Besides, the author wants to verify the hypothesis that the human evolution in China is consecutive with hybridization. In my opinion, the research method in this article is mainly based on opinions, in which the author…

Approximate time period: The Genyornis Newtoni lived in the Pleistocene era 1.8 million years ago and lasted till around 11,700 years ago. Genyornis Newtoni have been approximated to live within that age from 1.64 Ma to about 10,000 BP. Distribution: Fossils have been located in Lake Callabonna, Balinda Creek, Mt…