Plant pathogens and diseases

in every ecosystem. Bacteria for instance have a mutualistic relationship with Legumes. Specifically, the bacteria Rhizobia. When the bacteria enters the root, ammonia is created from the nitrogen in the air. And from this, the plant uses it to create amino acids. The plant then provides sugar for the bacteria. A parasitic relationship between bacteria and a human host would be the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. This bacteria is known to be extremely contagious and deadly to humans,…

but some can cause serious harm. There are six major types of micro-organisms these are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. This essay aims to analyse micro-organisms and disease. First the key features of the main categories of micro-organisms and the roles of commensals, and pathogens will be explained respectively. Then mode of transmission, portals of entries and exits of microbes are explained. How our body defence mechanisms prevent from the infections will be discussed…

Antibiotic resistance and overuse of vaccines has contributed to the increased incidence of emerging diseases and resistance and their controls and treatments. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens or organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. The human immune system is the last line of defense against viruses and bacteria that enter the body. To fight off infectious diseases and protect the body, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade body systems.…

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), more commonly known as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), is an extremely contagious disease that affects all cloven-hooved species such as beef and dairy cattle, sheep, and swine. FMD is caused by genus Aphthovirus of the Picornaviridae family of which seven serotypes are recognized; including…

for converting the wastewater into an effluent that can be either discharged to the environment or reused. However, wastewater treatment plant posed safety and health hazards to the wastewater treatment worker. Work in the wastewater treatment sector was considered hazardous. Workers many experience health problem and deaths. The roles of wastewater treatment plant worker are day-to-day operate and maintain…

edible vaccines gene of interest is selected and is inserted into the appropriate plant. The resultant plants called the transgenic plants are then induced to produce the desired protein. Edible vaccines are developed to provide oral as well as symmetric immunity. This review…

A vector was loose in Madagascar, Africa with a pathogen and a zoonotic disease. Later people found out that the zoonotic disease was known as malaria. The vector that carried the pathogen was a fly. People began to use DDT to help stop this epidemic and the results were startling. Five years after Africa stopped using DDT, the number of cases had risen to 500,000. In the late 1980s Madagascar stopped using DDT and the resulting death drop to fell too 100,000. I strongly believe DDT…

secretion system: P. syringae is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium responsible for many diseases on woody plants. It acts opportunistically targeting plants wounded from abiotic or biotic factors. P. syringae is responsible for some severe crop diseases such as bacteria speck, spot, and blight of tomato and soybeans. Interestingly, it has a vast host range with over 50 pathovars. The success of the pathogen is attributed to its specificities (Sarkar & Guttman, 2004). How it has obtained…

are obtained by naturally occuring substances(biochemicals), plants and microbes. All the natural products are not biopesticides. Some are chemical pesticides if they acts on the nervous system in the pest. Through the use of biopesticides in the wider way, health programme and agriculture can be beneficially effected. There are many disadvantages that associated with the use of chemicals pesticides like genetic variations in the plant of populations,and reduction of beneficial species,that…

A pathogen is simply a microorganism that causes disease. Lyme Disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is carried by ticks, and “as a result of a complicated sequence of events, people have become frequent accidental hosts for ticks and the disease agents they carry”. This connection is present because of the interaction between plant and animal species, or furthermore, the ecology of ecosystems, where both ticks and humans are present [Source: Ostfeld]. Symptoms of being…